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1961-1962 World Refugee Report 1 (1961-1962)

handle is hein.immigration/wrldrs0002 and id is 1 raw text is: 1. Introduction A 1Li-YOUG- new refugee problems have arisen in the a't months since USCR's first annual audit- [ and some older ones have been aggravated-it ig fhlttl-, as was stated in our second annual audit covering the period July 1. 1961 through June 30, 1961;_lw ht ftthe first time in many years there has been an overall decline in the world total of homeless people.Dtte events of the past nine months have cut drastically the margin of that decline. What follows is basically a revised reprinting, in response to demand, of that second audit. Revision reveals that while the total refugee population remains below the 15,181,000 figure of June 30, 1961, it stands now almost 700,000 above the 12,8 11,8 t6 figure for June 30, 1962. (See Table, Section 6). The decline recorded in the audit of June 30, 1962 permanent provision for the admission of refugees to was accounted for largely by the Indian Govern- this country without regard to immigration quotas. ment's announcement that the last of the millions of The new law also contains the first formal authoriza- refugees from Pakistan now were almost completely tion by Congress for Cuban refugee aid - previously resettled, and by the mass repatriation-the single money for this purpose came from the President's great repatriation movement since the days just after emergency funds. It provides for continued United the Second World War-of more than 250,000 refu- States participation in the programs of the Intergovern- gees to Algeria from Tunisia and Morocco. mental Committee for European Migration (ICEM), The increase over the past nine months is due in the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees great part to the mass exodus of Europeans fromAlgeria. (UNHCR) and the United Nations Relief and Works New refugee situations have developed, too, in Africa Agency (UNRWA). Under its terms the President may south of the Sahara, in Asia, in Europe, and in the spend up to $10,000,000 a year of foreign aid con- United States of America, where the problem of re- tingency funds for refugee and migration emergencies. settling Cuban refugees away from Miami continues On balance, then, some progress. But new refugee critical, emergencies prove once more, if proof be needed, that To these entries on the debit side of the ledger must our century is indeed the Age of the Uprooted. be added the return by force to communist China of approximately 60,000 refugees who, in May of this year, fled to the British Crown Colony of Hong Kong. While there was general recognition of the many com- plexities underlying this tragedy, including the inability (a) New Refugee Flights of the Colony to absorb additional refugees in such Two of the categories of refugees with which this numbers, the incident produced an almost universal report must be concerned did not exist when USCR sense of shock and guilt throughout the nations of the published its first Annual Audit- approximately Free World which resulted in decisions by several 150,000 Africans, mostly members of the giant Watutsi countries, including the United States, to accept at tribe, who fled into neighboring states from Ruanda least token numbers of refugees from Hong Kong. and European fugitives from Algeria who have taken Another refugee torrent was almost dried up at its refuge in France. source when East Germany, on August 19, 1961, There is a special irony in this flight of Europeans erected the Berlin wall. In a twelve-month period be- from Algeria, a flight which has reached a total of fore the wall, more than 200,000 Germans had crossed 750.000. This far exceeds in numbers the more than to freedom. The wall proved a most effective dam al- 250,000 Algerians repatriated to their homeland from though - by digging tunnels, leaping barriers, swim- Tunisia and Morocco at the end of the seven-year war. ming rivers and canals - an additional 2 t,000 have Also, many of the 180.000 Jewish refugees now in made good their escape. More than one hundred France came from Algeria as well as from Tunisia, died trying. There are now upward of four million Morocco and Egypt. refugees from the East in the Federal Republic of France is traditionally hospitable to refugees and the Germany. Eiropeans from Alueria, however different in back- To be placed on the credit side in any evaluation of developments is the legislation signed into law by President Kennedy last June 28, legislation which for the first time -- though on a very limited scale -- makes ground and outlook, are national refugees in that they may claim French citizenship. Nevertheless, the sudden and unexpected influIx produced a crisis situa- tion. Like most xCftgees, the newconicrs had left every-

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