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12 Refugee Reports 1 (1991)

handle is hein.immigration/refgrpt0012 and id is 1 raw text is: Reports A News Service of the U.S. Committee for Refugees 1025 Vermont Avenue NW, Suite 920 Washington. DC 20005 (202) 347-3507 Volume X11, Number 1 NEW LEASE ON LIFE FOR SALVADORANS GUATEMALANS IN THE UNITED STATESri - After a decade of battles waged in Congress and the LAW several important victories for Salvadoran and Guatemalan asylum seekers were won in late 1990; the early weeks of 1991 have been devoted to implementing new procedures on their behalf. The tide began to turn in July, when the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) came forward with final asy- lum regulations that created a corps of specialized asylum ad- judicators assigned exclusively to determine asylum claims (see Refugee Reports, Vol. XI, Nos. 3 and 7). The new asylum system, which began in October and will be fully in place by April, promises better trained asylum adjudicators who, an- swerable to the INS central office rather than the local district director, should demonstrate more nationwide consistency in approach. The next step took place on November 29, when Presi- dent Bush signed the Immigration Act of 1990 into law (see Refugee Reports, Vol. XI, Nos. 10 and 11). That reform of legal immigration included a provision for temporary protected sta- tus (rPS), filling a gap in the Refugee Act of 1980, which had recognized refugees fleeing persecution, but failed to provide a mechanism for protecting persons displaced by war and gener- alized civil strife. The Immigration Act also specifically man- dated that TPS be invoked on behalf of Salvadorans for an 18- month period, starting at the beginning of 1990. Following on the heels of this legislative victory, the INS agreed to settle a class-action suit challenging bias against Sal- vadorans and Guatemalans in the asylum process. The suit, American Baptist Churches v. Thornburgh (ABC), filed in May 1985, challenged some 150,000 asylum denials for Salvador- ans and Guatemalans since 1980 (see Refugee ReportsVol. X, No. 10). The settlement bars deportation for all Salvadorans present in the United States as of September 19, 1990 and all Guatemalans here as of October 1, 1990, until they have had a completely new (de novo) adjudication of their asylum claims. Persons convicted of aggravated felonies are ineligible. January 29, 1991 IN THIS ISSUE: , Temporary safe haven has ynally been achieved for Salva- dorans with the promise that they, and Guatemalans as well, will have new asylum hearings before a new group of asylum adjudicators. Bill Frelick as- sesses the impact of these changes ................................. 1 0 Recent Developments Refugee processing out of Sudan cut off; food shortages re- ported ................................... 8 UN prepares for new wave of refugees in the Gulf ............. 9 * Update Hmong asylum seekers f6rcibly returned ............................ 10 Increasing numbers of Cambodi- ans flee ............................ 11 HIV removed from list of diseases barring U.S. entry ............... 12 * Reader Exchange ....... 13 * Resources ............... 14 * Statistics ................. 16

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