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GAO-24-107600 1 (2024-09-26)

handle is hein.gao/gaoqwv0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Why This Matters Foreign disinformation-defined in this report as false claims or misleading information deliberately created or spread by foreign actors to deceive people- threatens U.S. national security. Disinformation can weaken democracies while increasing political instability and conflict among people, according to reports from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). Foreign disinformation is a type of foreign malign influence activity. Tactics to create or spread disinformation include employing foreign actors behind fake social media accounts and using websites with both hidden operators and hidden connections to foreign governments. U.S. agencies have reported that foreign governments have conducted disinformation campaigns in recent years to undermine U.S. foreign policy interests and disrupt civil discussions in the United States and abroad. These foreign governments spread disinformation in a variety of ways, including through state-run or sponsored propaganda, social media, and artificial intelligence- such as deepfakes, which are videos, photos, or audio recordings that appear real but have been manipulated with artificial intelligence. U.S. federal agencies that conduct activities to counter disinformation spread by foreign actors include the Departments of State (State), Homeland Security (DHS), and Defense (DOD). In recent years, ODNI, State, and DHS have reported that foreign governments, terrorists, and extremist groups spread disinformation to gain influence. Once disinformation is released, it can spread very rapidly as individuals and media outlets share the narratives as shown in figure 1. GAO-24-107600 FOREIGN DISINFORMATION Page 1

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