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GAO-21-155R 1 (2020-10-07)

handle is hein.gao/gaobaebvh0001 and id is 1 raw text is: G O U.S. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE 441 G St. N.W. Washington, DC 20548 October 07, 2020 Congressional Requesters National Security: Additional Actions Needed to Ensure Effectiveness of 5G Strategy The federal government and private industry are preparing for the next generation of wireless technology, which has the potential to represent the most significant change in wireless networks since cellular service was introduced. This fifth generation of mobile communication networks, or 5G, may have transformative effects that will increase productivity, contribute to the growth of new businesses, and spur innovation in sectors beyond telecommunications, including transportation, manufacturing, medicine, and others. Specifically, 5G will offer increased bandwidth, constant connectivity, and faster network response times, which can enhance and expand mobile technologies for consumers and businesses and introduce tens of billions of new devices to harness the Internet.' However, while the advent of 5G could create significant economic opportunities, it also introduces national security risks as malicious actors seek to exploit these new 5G technologies. Several federal organizations have roles in and responsibilities for addressing national security risks associated with 5G and enabling its deployment. * National Security Council (NSC). NSC is the President's principal forum on national security and foreign policy matters-including 5G-and coordinates among various government agencies.2 NSC also assesses and evaluates national security risks to the United States and its global security interests, including risks posed by 5G, in order to make recommendations to the President. * National Economic Council (NEC). NEC advises the President on U.S. and global economic policy and monitors the implementation of the President's economic policies, including those related to 5G.3 * White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP). OSTP provides the President with analysis and advice on technology-related aspects of national security, including 5G, and leads science and technology policy coordination across the federal government. The office also provides analyses on the application and use cases of 5G technologies and their potential impact on the federal government. 'Wireless carriers in the United States are currently deploying hybrid 5G, which uses 5G technologies in combination with existing 4G networks to improve the networks' speed. In the future, carriers may deploy standalone 5G, which relies exclusively on 5G equipment to allow for additional enhanced capabilities. 2NSC is comprised of the President, the Vice President, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Energy, and other officials as designated by the President. See 50 U.S.C. § 3021 (c)(1). Additionally, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs is responsible for determining the agenda for the NSC, at the direction of the President. 3NEC is chaired by the President and is comprised of the Vice President, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Agriculture, the National Security Advisor, the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, the heads of other executive departments and agencies, and other officials as designated by the President. See Exec. Order No. 12835, 58 Fed. Reg. 6189 (Jan. 27, 1993). GAO-21-155R National Security Page 1

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