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Updated April 24, 2019
Intelligence Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Evaluation
(IPPBE) Process
The Intelligence Community (IC) uses the Intelligence
Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Evaluation
(IPPBE) process to identify requirements and allocate
resources that shape and sustain IC capabilities through
development and execution of the National Intelligence
Program (NIP) budget. The NIP addresses priorities
described in national intelligence-related strategy
documents such as the National Intelligence Strategy (NIS)
and Consolidated Intelligence Guidance (CIG). The IPPBE
process also supports the participation of the Director of
National Intelligence in the development of the Military
Intelligence Program (MIP).
IC Directive 116, Intelligence Planning, Programming,
Budgeting, and Evaluation System provides guidance for the
IPPBE process. The IPPBE process applies to all 17 IC
components (listed below).
IC Components
DOD Components:
* National Security Agency (NSA)
* National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
* National Reconnaissance Office (NRO)
* Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)
* U.S. Army Intelligence (G2)
* U.S. Navy Intelligence (N2)
* U.S. Air Force Intelligence (AF/A2)
* U.S. Marine Corps Intelligence (MCISR-E)
Non-DOD Components:
* Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)
* Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
* Department of Energy (DOE) intelligence component:
Office of Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence (l&CI)
* Department of Homeland Security (DHS) intelligence
components: Office of Intelligence and Analysis (l&A),
and U.S. Coast Guard Intelligence (CG-2)
* Department of justice (DO]) intelligence components:
Drug Enforcement Administration Office of National
Security Intelligence (DEA/ONSI), and Federal Bureau of
Investigation's Intelligence Branch (FBI/IB)
* Department of State (DOS) intelligence component:
Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR)
* Department of the Treasury (Treasury) intelligence
component: Office of Intelligence and Analysis (OIA)
NIP and MIP
IC spending is usually understood as the sum of two
separate budgets: (1) the NIP funds national intelligence
capabilities and programs that support products and
services of the entire IC; (2) the Military Intelligence
Program (MIP) funds military-specific tactical capabilities
and programs in support of warfighters. Non-DOD
intelligence components do not receive MIP funds.
The Director of National Intelligence (DNI) manages the
NIP budget directly through the IPPBE process. The Under
Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (USD(I)) manages the
MIP, with input from the DNI thru DOD's Planning,
Programming, Budgeting, & Execution (PPBE) process; it
is separate and distinct from the IPPBE process. DOD
intelligence components such as NSA, NGA, and DIA
receive both NIP and MIP funds. Thus, the DNI must
collaborate closely with the USD(I) to try to ensure that,
whether managing through IPPBE or PPBE, the national
and military intelligence programs complement one another
in holistically addressing IC requirements.
Key Players
While each phase of the IPPBE process-planning,
programming, budgeting and evaluation-has a designated
lead on the ODNI staff, that person (and staff) works in
concert with many others in the ODNI and intelligence
components to try to ensure synchronization of effort.
Many key players are in the DOD, such as the USD(I) and
DOD Comptroller. Others include the ADNI/Chief
Financial Officer, Program Examiners from the Office of
Management and Budget's (OMB) National Security
Division, and staff on congressional authorization and
appropriation committees, sometimes referred to as
Program Monitors, who help Congress oversee all phases
of the IPPBE.
DOD s PPBE vs. PPBE
The DOD PPBE process allocates resources within DOD,
mainly to the Armed Service components, to organize, train
and equip military forces for combat and to cover all
necessary support missions. For more on the PPBE, see
CRS In Focus IF10429, Defense Primer: Planning,
Programming, Budgeting and Execution (PPBE) Process,
by Brendan W. McGarry and Heidi M. Peters.
MIP funds, via the PPBE process, are allocated to DOD
intelligence components. Intelligence-related Component
Managers-the senior leader for intelligence in each of
DOD's military intelligence components-manages the
MIP resources in accordance with USD(I) guidance and
policy. PPBE guidance is provided in DOD Directive
7045.14.
NIP funds are allocated to separate departmental budgets
and are fenced or protected from being spent for other than
their intended purpose or from being cut without the
permission of the DNI. NIP Program Managers exercise
daily control over resources (i.e., manpower and dollars)
associated with IC capabilities (e.g., cryptology,
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