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  Congressional
*,Research Service
    Informing the Legistfive debate since 1914___________________


Responding to Drought in the Colorado

River Basin



Updated February 18, 2025

The Colorado River Basin covers more than 246,000 square miles in seven U.S. states and Mexico. Basin
waters are governed by multiple documents, known collectively as the Law of the River. The Colorado
River Compact of 1922 established the framework to apportion water supplies between the river's Upper
and Lower Basins, with each basin allocated 7.5 million acre-feet (MAF) annually. The compact requires
the Upper Basin to release certain waters to the Lower Basin and Mexico (Figure 1). The Bureau of
Reclamation (Reclamation) plays a prominent role in basin water management due to the many federally
authorized projects in the basin.

























                                                           Congressional Research Service
                                                           https://crsreports.congress.gov
                                                                              IN11982


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