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1 1 (February 18, 2025)

handle is hein.crs/govesmn0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ______ The Alien Enemy Act: History and Potential Use to Remove Members of International Criminal Cartels February 18, 2025 On January 20, 2025, President Trump issued an executive order (E.O.) to declare a national emergency pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to address the threat to U.S. national security posed by international cartels and certain transnational organizations. The E.O. states that such organizations are engaged in a destabilizing campaign of violence and terror throughout the Western Hemisphere and directs the Secretary of State and other Cabinet members to designate certain international cartels and other organizations as foreign terrorist organizations or specially designated global terrorists under Executive Order 13224 for supporting international terrorism. The E.O. also directs the Attorney General and Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to make operational preparations within 14 days to implement any decision the President may make to invoke the Alien Enemy Act (also called the Alien Enemies Act) of 1798 to remove aliens designated as engaging in any qualifying invasion or predatory incursion against the territory of the United States by a qualifying actor. The E.O. does not define qualifying invasion or qualifying actor. This Legal Sidebar provides a historical overview of the Alien Enemy Act and discusses the potential implications of invoking the act to remove members of international crime cartels and other transnational organizations from the United States. It is unclear how the invoked IEEPA authorities might interact with implementation of the Alien Enemy Act, and they are therefore outside the scope of this Legal Sidebar. The Alien Enemy Act of 1798 The Alien Enemy Act of 1798 is a wartime measure that authorizes the President, during a declared war or in the event of an invasion or predatory incursion perpetrated or threatened by any foreign nation or government, to issue regulations directing the conduct of or otherwise restraining citizens or nationals of the hostile nation or government. It was enacted as part of a set of national security measures known as the Alien and Sedition Acts meant to address tensions involving the French Republic. These laws included the Alien Act, the Sedition Act, and the Alien Enemy Act. Of these laws, only the Alien Enemy Act remains in force. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov LSB11269 CRS Legal Sidebar Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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