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Federal Workforce Downsizing: Voluntary

and Involuntary Mechanisms



Updated February 10, 2025

The second Trump Administration has stated plans to downsize the federal workforce, which it has
indicated may involve actions in which individuals' employment with federal agencies is ended (referred
to as a separation) either voluntarily or involuntarily. There are several preexisting voluntary and
involuntary mechanisms the executive branch may use to downsize its workforce. The Trump
Administration has also announced a new voluntary deferred resignation program. Each of these
mechanisms is described below.

Voluntary Separations

Deferred   Resignation
Executive branch employees received an email on January 28, 2025, with the subject line Fork in the
Road from the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), which allows employees to resign from their
positions via a deferred resignation program. The email states that electing employees will be placed on
administrative leave and retain their pay and benefits until September 30, 2025. OPM's website indicates
that the opt-in deadline is currently February 10, 2025, to comply with a stay issued by a federal court.
The email states, OPM is authorized to send this email under Executive Order 9830 and 5 U.S.C. §§ 301,
1103, 1104, 2951, 3301, 6504, 8347, and 8461. OPM published a Frequently Asked Questions [FAQ]
page and released a guidance memorandum that further instructs agencies on implementing this program.
OPM's  FAQ  page states that this program is available to all full-time employees except for military
personnel of the armed forces, employees of the U.S. Postal Service, those in positions related to
immigration enforcement and national security, those in positions related to public safety, and those in
other positions specifically excluded by your employing agency.... If you resign under this program, you
will retain all pay and benefits regardless of your daily workload and will be exempted from all applicable
in-person work requirements until September 30, 2025.
Some  commentators have raised concerns over this separation program's authority and implementation,
while the Administration has defended it.


                                                                Congressional Research Service
                                                                  https://crsreports.congress.gov
                                                                                      IN12505

CRS INSIGHT
Prepared for Members and
Committees of Congress

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