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1 1 (January 28, 2025)

handle is hein.crs/govesgu0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Conflict Surge in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: Issues for Congress January 28, 2025 A regional conflict and humanitarian emergency are escalating in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where the M23 rebel group has reportedly taken Goma (Figure 1), eastern DRC's largest city and a hub for humanitarian relief and UN peacekeeping. DRC's government called the assault on Goma a declaration of war by neighboring Rwanda, which has reportedly provided extensive support to the M23. The leader of an M23-affiliated alliance has asserted plans to take DRC's capital, Kinshasa. The rebel advance has shuttered Goma's international airport and displaced hundreds of thousands of people; nearly 2 million Congolese were internally displaced due to the M23 conflict as of late 2024. UN peacekeepers and soldiers from a regional stabilization mission have been killed in the battle for Goma, along with the military governor of North Kivu province. Protests and looting erupted in Kinshasa (~1,000 miles away) on January 28, with protesters targeting UN sites and foreign embassies they accused of complicity with the M23. Protesters set fires and attacked vehicles outside the U.S. embassy, and reportedly breached the site of a new U.S. embassy compound under construction. Secretary of State Marco Rubio called DRC's President Felix Tshisekedi on January 27 and condemned the assault on Goma by the Rwanda-backed M23, calling for reviving Angolan-led peace talks between DRC and Rwanda. Several Members of Congress have issued statements, including the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chair and Ranking Member and House Foreign Affairs Committee Chair and Ranking Member. Developments raise potential issues for Congress with regard to oversight and authorization and appropriation of funds for U.S. diplomatic security and engagement, sanctions, foreign assistance, and UN peacekeeping. The M23 crisis has more broadly posed complex dilemmas for U.S. policymakers balancing interests related to regional stability, humanitarian responses, DRC's mineral wealth, development and security cooperation with Rwanda, and strategic competition. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12495 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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