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1 1 (January 24, 2025)

handle is hein.crs/govesfr0001 and id is 1 raw text is: FY2024 EOIR Immigration Court Data: Caseloads and the Pending Cases Backlog January 24, 2025 U.S. immigration courts within the Department ofJustice's Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) preside over immigration hearings; most commonly, removal proceedings for foreign nationals who have been charged by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) with immigration violations. Immigration courts have experienced growing backlogs for several years. In recent years, a large volume of enforcement encounters at the Southwest border contributed to EOIR's caseload. During each of the last three years, EOIR's new annual case receipts have reached record levels. In FY2024, EOIR received nearly 1.8 million new cases. Even as EOIR has hired more immigration judges (Us), the backlog has continued to grow, reaching 3.6 million cases at the end of FY2024. Many of those in removal proceedings have filed applications for asylum as a defense against removal. Defensive asylum applications are adjudicated by Us during removal proceedings. EOIR received 850,720 defensive asylum applications at the end of FY2024, with 1.5 million applications pending in the courts. This CRS Insight provides an overview of FY2024 EOIR data, including numbers of new cases received, asylum applications filed, IJ staffing, case completions, and pending cases. Overview: Removal Proceedings in Immigration Courts Immigration court hearings include removal proceedings, which represent nearly all of EOIR's pending caseload. Foreign nationals who are present in the United States, seeking admission at a U.S. port of entry without authorization, or cross into the U.S. between ports of entry may be subject to removal (deportation) from the country. DHS may charge any non-U.S. citizen (alien) with grounds of deportability and inadmissibility and place them in formal removal proceedings in immigration court. Certain arriving or recently arrived migrants may be subject to expedited removal and may be removed without a formal hearing. However, the law provides individuals in expedited removal an opportunity to seek asylum in immigration court if they claim an intent to apply for asylum or a fear of persecution or torture if removed and they demonstrate a credible fear of persecution in a screening with a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) asylum officer. In other cases, migrants may be placed directly into formal removal at DHS's discretion. Immigration courts have jurisdiction over a case once DHS issues an individual a Notice to Appear (NTA) charging document and files it with EOIR. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12492 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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