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1 1 (January 15, 2025)

handle is hein.crs/govesbz0001 and id is 1 raw text is: CDC's Updated Dog Importation Rule January 15, 2025 On August 1, 2024, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) final rule on the import of dogs into the United States (42 C.F.R. §§71.50-51) went into effect. These revised regulations are meant to bolster prevention of the introduction of dog- maintained rabies virus variant (DMRVV) into the United States. The updated rule revises the requirements for all dogs arriving in the United States, as well as specific requirements that vary based on where a dog has traveled and received its rabies vaccine. Regulations aimed at controlling rabies from imported dogs have existed since at least 1956. In 2007, CDC declared that the United States had eliminated DMRVV, meaning there was no ongoing virus circulation in the country. DMRVV circulates in some other countries and causes 99% of human rabies cases globally. Rabies is usually fatal to humans unless immediate care is provided through post- exposure prophylaxis (PEP). According to CDC, the importation of a single infected dog could reintroduce the virus into the country and may pose a significant public health risk, potentially leading to the loss of human and animal life and consequential economic impact. The revised rule follows CDC's temporary suspension of dog importation from high rabies-risk countries starting in June 2021, when U.S. rabies control resources were diverted for COVID-19 pandemic response. This suspension also introduced standardized forms and testing requirements. Before the suspension, CDC had observed a rise in imported dogs with falsified rabies vaccination documentation, including a 52% increase in 2020 and a 210% increase in early 2021. Following the suspension, CDC documented fewer instances of fraudulent rabies vaccination documentation and fewer sick and dead dogs arriving in the country. The updated rule adopts a similar framework as implemented during the suspension, expanding it to include dogs from DMRVV-free and low-risk countries. Overview of the Revised Rule CDC's updated requirements revise rules in place since 1985 (42 C.F.R. Part 71) and are based in Public Health Service Act (PHSA) statutory authorities that allow CDC, by delegation from the HHS Secretary, to make and enforce regulations to prevent the introduction of communicable diseases into the United States. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12485 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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