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             Congressional
          ~aResearch Service






Desalination: Converting Saline Water into a

Municipal Water Source



Updated December 11, 2024

Desalination is increasingly playing a role in U.S. municipal water supplies. Congress has funded both
desalination research and municipal desalination construction projects. Additionally, desalination
technologies have applications in military and disaster relief operations, agricultural production, and
industry including manufacturing.
In municipal applications, desalination involves treating saline water to produce freshwater, in the process
creating a separate, saltier brine concentrate. Multiple coastal communities are investigating desalinating
both seawater and brackish sources, and various inland communities are desalinating brackish surface
water and groundwater. Figure 1 illustrates various terms used herein.
























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