About | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline
LOG IN
LOG IN

1 [1] (December 6, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/goveroj0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Servic informing the Ieg~Iative debate s~n~e 1914 Updated December 6, 2024 Defense Primer: Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) Process Introduct on The Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) process is a U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) system for allocating resources among the military departments, defense agencies, and other entities (referred to as DOD components). This annual process serves as the framework for DOD civilian and military leaders to decide which programs and force management requirements to fund based on strategic objectives. DOD Directive 7045.14 states the objective of the process is to provide the DOD with the most effective mix of forces, equipment, manpower, and support attainable within fiscal constraints. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction 3100.01F describes the process as the Secretary of Defense's institutional strategic planning system and the primary decision-making process for translating strategic guidance into resource allocation decisions. The process produces DOD's portion of the President's annual budget request to Congress and updates the DOD's five-year funding plan, known as the Future Years Defense Program (FYDP). In 2024, the Commission on Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution Reform recommended replacing PPBE with a new Defense Resourcing System (DRS) to strengthen the connection between strategy and resource allocation while creating a more flexible and agile execution process. Background In 1961, then-Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) Robert S. McNamara established the Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System (PPBS) as a framework for linking strategic objectives with resources. In 2003, DOD renamed the system PPBE in part to emphasize the need to better manage the execution of budget authority provided by Congress. The Deputy Secretary of Defense manages the overall process. PPBE is one of DOD's three main acquisition-related decision support systems, along with the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) for developing requirements to address capability gaps and the Defense Acquisition System (DAS) for managing acquisition programs. PPBE is a calendar-driven process that, for any fiscal year cycle, typically begins more than two years before the expected year of budget execution. Figure 1 shows when PPBE actions associated with a fiscal year cycle may occur during a calendar year. PPBE PhaseS The PPBE process typically produces internal documents and materials for each phase. The planning phase produces the Defense Planning Guidance (DPG), which details force development priorities. The programming phase generates a Program Objective Memorandum (POM), a funding plan for each component covering a five-year period that adjusts programs in the FYDP. The budgeting phase results in a Budget Estimate Submission (BES), which covers the first year of the POM and converts programs into budget terms for submission to Congress. Figure I. DOD Resource Allocation Process (notional) (fiscal year cycle by calendar year and month) Planning Program/Budgeting Fluid transition Enactment Execution DPG: Defense Planning Guidance; POM: Program Objective Memorandum; BES: Budget Estimate Submission Source: CRS graphic based on DOD references. Notes: CY: calendar year; FY: fiscal year cycle. Prior: prior years. Planning The Under Secretary of Defense (USD) for Policy leads the planning phase. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) also plays a significant role in the process, in accordance with statutory responsibilities under 10 U.S.C. §151 as the principal military advisor to the SECDEF. The CJCS's role is, in part, to advocate for solutions to department-wide requirements. The phase involves reviewing the President's National Security Strategy, the SECDEF's National Defense Strategy, and the CJCS's National Military Strategy to align the resulting Defense Planning Guidance (DPG) with a presidential administration's policy goals and views on potential threats, force structure, readiness posture, and other factors. Developed with input from the CJCS, military departments, and combatant commanders, the DPG typically contains guidance on investments and divestments for the components and is intended to inform a component's POM. Programming The programming phase is meant to analyze anticipated effects of present-day decisions on the future force. The Director of the Office of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation (CAPE) leads this phase. The programming phase involves the head of each component developing a POM recommending resource requirements over five years.

What Is HeinOnline?

HeinOnline is a subscription-based resource containing thousands of academic and legal journals from inception; complete coverage of government documents such as U.S. Statutes at Large, U.S. Code, Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, U.S. Reports, and much more. Documents are image-based, fully searchable PDFs with the authority of print combined with the accessibility of a user-friendly and powerful database. For more information, request a quote or trial for your organization below.



Short-term subscription options include 24 hours, 48 hours, or 1 week to HeinOnline.

Purchase Access

Contact us for annual subscription options:

Contact Us

Already a HeinOnline Subscriber?

Log In

profiles profiles most