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1 [1] (September 10, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/goveqoz0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congression I Research SerVo Informing the legislative debate since 1914 Updated September 10, 2024 Defense Primer: United States Transportation Command United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) is a Department of Defense (DOD) combatant command responsible for providing air, land, and sea transportation across the globe to meet national security needs. History and Role Established in 1987 and headquartered at Scott Air Force Base, IL, USTRANSCOM serves as the U.S. military's primary logistics command, conducting global mobility operations, enabling joint force projection and sustainment, and functioning as the lead DOD element for transportation, global patient movement, and bulk fuel management and delivery. USTRANSCOM has provided strategic mobility in support of several major contingency operations, including Operation Desert Storm, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom. The command has also played a central role in emergency operations, such as the 2021 Afghanistan noncombatant evacuation operation, and security assistance efforts, including the provision of materiel to Ukraine (following Russia's 2022 invasion) and Israel (following Hamas' 2023 attack on Israel). Activities and Resources USTRANSCOM uses a mix of military assets, commercial transportation providers, and foreign partnerships to move DOD personnel and materiel across the globe (see Figure 1). In a given year, USTRANSCOM also transports thousands of medical patients, and handles the shipment of personal property in support of hundreds of thousands of permanent change of station (PCS) moves. Figure I. USTRANSCOM Activities In 2023, USTRANSCOM transported: A USTRANSCOM's workforce is approximately 73% military and 27% civilian, with a reported combined end strength of 17,120 for fiscal year (FY) 2024. USTRANSCOM finances its activities through the Transportation Working Capital Fund (TWCF), a defense working capital fund. The TWCF allows USTRANSCOM to conduct activities with minimal need for annual appropriations: instead, DOD components and other federal agencies place orders for transportation services, paying into the TWCF out of their own appropriated funds. As of 2024, USTRANSCOM reported spending approximately $9.5 billion on transportation annually. Organization USTRANSCOM is comprised of a headquarters element, three Transportation Component Commands (TCCs) assigned from the Army, Navy, and Air Force, and two joint subordinate commands (see Figure 2). Figure 2. USTRANSCOM Organizational Chart TRANSCOM ''n JV Mili tary Surface Mllitsry Sai Air Moii Command C&,nman Deployment and Command Dis .oibutioo Command Source: CRS graphic based on analysis of USTRANSCOM data. Transportation Component Commands Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC). SDDC is the USTRANSCOM Army component responsible for surface transportation. Headquartered at Scott Air Force Base, IL, SDDC uses DOD capabilities and commercial partnerships to move equipment and personnel by rail, road, and waterway. SDDC also provides ocean terminal services, traffic management, and transportation engineering globally. SDDC is a major subordinate command to Army Materiel Command. Military Sealift Command (MSC). MSC is the USTRANSCOM Navy component responsible for sealift and ocean transportation, providing logistics support, moving equipment and cargo, and supplying U.S. and Source: General Jacqueline Van Ovost, Statement Before the Senate Armed Services Committee on the State of the Command, April II, 2024, https://www.armed- services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/van ovost-statement.pdf.

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