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1 1 (August 26, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/goveqle0001 and id is 1 raw text is: La, Congressional Israel, Iran, Hamas, and Lebanese Hezbollah: Various Strikes amid Regional Turmoil Updated August 26, 2024 Since the October 7, 2023, attacks led by Hamas (a U.S.-designated foreign terrorist organization, or FTO), conflicts between Israel and Iran and/or its allies have spread across the Middle East. After Israel and Iran exchanged direct fire in April 2024, three incidents in July led to another potential inflection point: * Civilians killed in Golan Heights. On July 27, a rocket fired from Lebanon reportedly killed 12 young people in the Druze town of Majdal Shams in the Golan Heights. U.S. and Israeli officials said Lebanese Hezbollah (another FTO) was responsible despite the group's denial. * Hezbollah military leader killed in Lebanon. On July 30, Israeli authorities said that an Israeli drone strike in Beirut killed Hezbollah senior commander Fuad Shukr, whom Israel blamed for the Golan Heights attack (and was reportedly involved in the 1983 bombing of the U.S. Marine Corps Barracks in Beirut). * Top Hamas leader killed in Iran. On July 31, Ismail Haniyeh-the top political leader of Hamas-was reportedly assassinated by a remotely detonated bomb while visiting Tehran for the inauguration of Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian. Hamas and Iran blamed Israel for the killing; Israel has not commented. In blaming Israel for Haniyeh's death, Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei reportedly ordered direct retaliation against Israel, and Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah publicly pledged to carry out a reprisal attack on Israeli targets for Shukr's killing. In April 2024, Iranian leaders declared a new equation, stating that Iran would meet any Israeli attack against Iranian interests, assets, figures, and citizens anywhere with a counterattack. In the weeks following the July incidents, some analysts assessed that Iran's initial shock and humiliation in response to Haniyeh's killing had given way to a more realistic assessment of the risk and reward of war with Israel. The Biden Administration has moved additional U.S. military forces to the region and has pledged to aid Israel in its defense. Factors potentially influencing key actors' conflict-related decisions include the following: * Israel. What risks Israel might accept in an effort to counter and deter Iran and its allies, and to return some 60,000 evacuees to northern Israel. Such risks may affect Israel's Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12398 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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