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1 1 (August 22, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/goveqkz0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Serve h forrningt theag siatve debate s ee1914 Federal Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Programs Background The U.S. teen birth rate-or the number of births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19 each year-has steadily declined since the early 1990s. The rate decreased by 78% from the most recent high of 61.8 in 1991 to the most recent low of 13.6 in 2022 (the most recent data available). Researchers suggest that multiple factors have influenced this decline; such factors may include decreasing adolescent sexual activity, particularly among younger teens, and increasing use of contraceptives among sexually active youth. Despite the downward trend in births among youth, Congress continues to be interested in the issue of adolescent pregnancy because of associated adverse health, social, and economic challenges. Adolescent parents tend to have less education and are more likely to have low income than peers who are not adolescent parents. Children of adolescent mothers are more likely to have poorer educational and other outcomes than children of mothers who delay childbearing. Adolescent childbearing can have larger societal impacts, such as costs related to public sector health care and lost tax revenue. In addition, adolescent pregnancy rates vary substantially across racial and ethnic groups and by region. Figure 1 displays adolescent birth rates across the 50 states; Washington, DC; and four of the insular areas in 2022. Eight states had the highest adolescent birth rates (20 or higher); Mississippi was the highest at 26.4. The rates for the insular areas ranged from 9.4 in the Northern Mariana Islands to 19.8 in Guam. Figure I. Teen Birth Rates by State and Territory, 2022 Source: Congressional Research Service (CRS), based on data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Notes: Birth rates are per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19. Adolescent Pregnancy Preventi on Federal law authorizes four federal programs that focus exclusively on adolescent pregnancy prevention education: Updated August 22, 2024 (1) the Teen Pregnancy Prevention program; (2) the Personal Responsibility Education Program; (3) the Title V Sexual Risk Avoidance Education program, authorized under Title V of the Social Security Act (SSA); and (4) the Sexual Risk Avoidance Education program, authorized under appropriations laws. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) administers the four programs, which generally target vulnerable adolescent populations. Youth receive pregnancy prevention education in schools and other settings. Grantees for the four programs include states and/or other public or private entities. Teen Pregnancy Prevention (TPP) Program P.L. 111-117 initially established and funded the TPP program, and subsequent appropriations laws have provided authority and funding through FY2024. The program competitively awards grants to public and private entities to implement a variety of evidence-based or innovative models that seek to influence adolescent sexual behavior. Such models focus on sexual abstinence or information about the use of contraception, among other approaches. After funds are set aside for training and technical assistance, most of the remaining amount (75%) supports Tier 1 grants. Generally, these grantees replicate models determined to be evidence-based through rigorous evaluation studies. Another 25% of the remaining TPP program funds are used for Tier 2 research and demonstration grants. These grants are intended to develop and test additional strategies for reducing adolescent pregnancy. In FY2023, 53 Tier 1 grantees and 18 Tier 2 grants were awarded. Grantees served 140,935 youth in FY2023. Personal Responsibility Education Program (PREP) P.L. 111-148 established PREP under Section 513 (Title V) of the SSA. The program seeks to educate adolescents aged 10 to 20, and pregnant and parenting youth under age 21, on both abstinence and/or contraception to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). PREP includes four types of grants: (1) State PREP grants, (2) Competitive PREP grants, (3) Tribal PREP, and (4) PREP- Innovative Strategies (PREIS). Grantees served 87,035 youth in FY2022 across all four grant types. Mandatory funding is provided through December 31, 2024. A majority of PREP funding is allocated to states and insular areas via the State PREP grant. The 50 states, Washington, DC, and eight insular areas are eligible for funding. Funds are allocated by formula based on their relative share of youth aged 10 to 20. A total of 51 jurisdictions applied for and received FY2022 State PREP funding. Competitive PREP funding is available to local entities in jurisdictions that declined the formula grant. In FY2022, HHS noncompetitively continued grants for 27 entities to carry out PREP programming in seven P1 T NJ DE 4D DX.- 20 e -.1b Guam N M ana Puero Rico U.S.Vgin n'd, 1,knes

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