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1 1 (August 2, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/goveqfo0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Transnational Crime Issues: INTERPOL The International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO)- INTERPOL is the world's largest international police organization. Its purpose is to enable cooperation on crime fighting and prevention matters worldwide. Congress authorized the United States to be an INTERPOL member in 1938 (22 U.S.C. 263a) and has long maintained interest in several aspects of INTERPOL's activities, including its funding, governance and membership, the scope of its policing authorities, and the functioning of its system of international lookouts and advisories (e.g., Red Notices), through which members share law enforcement information. Structure and overnance INTERPOL, headquartered in Lyon, France, has 196 member countries, including the United States. Countries interface with INTERPOL headquarters through National Central Bureaus (NCBs). INTERPOL Washington, which is the primary NCB for the United States, is organizationally a component of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and located in Washington, DC. INTERPOL Washington's leadership rotates among DOJ and U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) personnel. INTERPOL's activities are governed by the decisions of its General Assembly, which meets annually, and by a 13- member panel of vice presidents and delegates, called the Executive Committee. For the 2021-2024 term, the Executive Committee delegate for the Americas is Michael Hughes of the United States, formerly the Director of INTERPOL Washington. The president of the Executive Committee is Ahmed Naser Al-Raisi of the United Arab Emirates, whose term ends in 2025. The General Secretariat serves as INTERPOL's permanent administrative body and is led by Secretary General Jiirgen Stock of Germany. The 92nd General Assembly, scheduled to be held in Glasgow, Scotland, in November 2024, is to include elections for a new Secretary General and nine members of the Executive Committee. The Commission for the Control of Files (CCF) conducts oversight and monitoring of INTERPOL's activities. Its primary task is to ensure that the processing of personal data (e.g., names, fingerprints, and DNA profiles, including data contained in INTERPOL notices) is in compliance with applicable INTERPOL rules. These rules are intended in part to ensure its activities are guided by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (as Article 2 of INTERPOL's constitution states). The CCF also is responsible for ensuring that INTERPOL data and activities are consistent with Article 3 of its constitution, which stipulates that it is strictly forbidden for the Organization to undertake any intervention or activities of a political, military, religious or racial character. Updated August 2, 2024 Policing Authorities INTERPOL's General Secretariat is staffed in part by law enforcement personnel on loan from national police entities. INTERPOL does not retain or globally deploy its own police force with autonomous authority to arrest or detain anybody in any country. Its primary functions center on law enforcement information sharing through its worldwide encrypted communications platform, and maintenance of its criminal databases on dangerous criminals, fugitives, missing persons, and other transnational threats. INTERPOL also facilitates police capacity building and training, as well as technical assistance in specialized areas, such as forensics and criminal intelligence analysis. At the request of member countries, INTERPOL may also provide response teams or operations support; INTERPOL's role in such activities is to promote international cooperation by facilitating access to INTERPOL's tools and services. INTERPOL's System of Notices INTERPOL facilitates member state requests to share crime-related information through a system of notices and diffusion messages. Member states prepare such messages for publication and dissemination on INTERPOL's communications platform, known as 1-24/7. There are several types of notices, including * Red Notices, which seek the location and arrest of wanted persons with a view to extradition or similar action; * Yellow Notices, which seek help in locating missing persons, including minors; * Blue Notices, which seek additional information about a person's identity, location, or activities in relation to a crime; * Green Notices, which provide warnings about criminals who are likely to repeat crimes in other countries; * Black Notices, which seek information on unidentified bodies; * Orange Notices, which warn of a serious and imminent threat to public safety; * Purple Notices, which seek information or provide information on methods, technologies, and modus operandi used by criminals; and * INTERPOL-United Nations (UN) Security Council Special Notices, which identify targets of UN Security Council Sanctions Committees. At the 91st General Assembly in November 2023, INTERPOL adopted a resolution to carry out a two-year pilot program for a new Silver Notice. This notice would be dedicated to the tracing and recovery of criminal assets.

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