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1 1 (July 31, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/goveqeu0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Israel, Iran, Hamas, and Lebanese Hezbollah: Various Strikes amid Regional Turmoil July 31, 2024 Since the October 7, 2023, attacks led by Hamas (a U.S.-designated foreign terrorist organization, or FTO), conflicts between Israel and Iran and/or its allies have spread across the Middle East. More than three months after Israel and Iran exchanged direct fire in April 2024, these conflicts face another potential inflection point following three late July incidents: * Civilians killed in Israeli-controlled Golan Heights. On July 27, a rocket fired from Lebanon reportedly killed 12 young people in the Druze town of Majdal Shams in the Golan Heights. U.S. and Israeli officials said Lebanese Hezbollah (another FTO) was responsible despite the group's denial. Israeli leaders said the strike crossed a red line. * Hezbollah military leader reportedly killed in Lebanon. On July 30, Israeli authorities said that an Israeli drone strike in Beirut killed Hezbollah senior commander Fuad Shukr, whom Israel blamed for the Golan Heights attack. Shukr is on the U.S. government's Rewards for Justice list for playing a central role in the 1983 bombing of the U.S. Marine Corps Barracks in Beirut. * Top Hamas leader reportedly killed in Iran. On July 31, Ismail Haniyeh-the top political leader of Hamas-was reportedly assassinated by an airborne projectile while visiting Tehran for the inauguration of Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian. Hamas and Iran blamed Israel for the strike; Israel has not commented, and the White House has said it cannot independently confirm Haniyeh's death. In blaming Israel for Haniyeh's death, Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei stated that it is our duty to take revenge. According to one report, he has ordered direct retaliation against Israel, but further details are unclear. Iran's Permanent Mission to the United Nations has said, The response to an assassination will indeed be special operations-harder and intended to instill deep regret in the perpetrator, and the responsibility of the United States, as the strategic ally and main supporter of the Israeli regime in the region, cannot be overlooked. Secretary of State Antony Blinken asserted that Haniyeh's reported killing is something we were not aware of or involved in. In April 2024, Iranian leaders declared a new equation, stating that Iran would meet any Israeli attack against Iranian interests, assets, figures, and citizens anywhere with a counterattack. Factors potentially influencing key actors' decisions going forward include the following: Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12398 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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