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1 [1] (July 22, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/goveqcp0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Con gres&onal Research Servic inkhIrnin§th~Lgvkt~v ~J Li s~ otl4 Updated July 22, 2024 DOE Hydrogen Program Appropriations: FY2025 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen Program addresses the development of applications that use hydrogen in place of today's fuels to provide modern energy services. The program also considers hydrogen as an established industrial chemical, for example, in petroleum refining. The DOE program includes over 400 projects involving research and development (R&D), systems integration, and demonstration and deployment activities- collectively performed by universities, national laboratories, and industry. These projects cover the energy value chain starting with producing hydrogen from diverse feedstocks; transporting and storing it; and finally using it in various applications. The program is led by the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO) within the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), with participation by other DOE offices. A future hydrogen economy using hydrogen as an energy carrier and fuel could offer an alternative to today's economy, with its prevalent combustion of fossil fuels. Initially thought of as a new technology for personal mobility services (e.g., cars) and high-value applications such as provision of electric power during space flight, hydrogen is also receiving attention for industrial processes, heavy vehicles, forklifts, portable power, and buffering and balancing of grid electric power. For more information, see CRS Report R47487, The Hydrogen Economy: Putting the Pieces Together, by Martin C. Offutt. Federal Hydrogen Programs Author znng Legislation The Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-413) authorized a federal hydrogen program, initially at the National Science Foundation. Congress transferred overall management responsibility of the hydrogen program to DOE with the Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-566). The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct; P.L. 109-58) and its amendments, including the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58), further defined the DOE hydrogen program's scope and purpose. The DOE Hydrogen Program Participants in the DOE Hydrogen Program include several offices with responsibility for supporting hydrogen work based on different sources of energy (e.g., renewable, fossil, nuclear) and types of end use (e.g., vehicles, portable power, thermal comfort). DOE's June 2023 National Clean Hydrogen Strategy and Roadmap envisages 10 million metric tons of new production of hydrogen per year by 2030, further stipulated to be clean hydrogen as defined in statute and DOE regulation. The DOE May 2024 Multi- Year Program Plan (MYPP) identifies challenges to achieving a clean hydrogen economy: reducing cost and improving performance; de-risking and scaling up technologies across the value chain; and addressing barriers to large-scale adoption. DOE's Hydrogen Shot goal for the cost of hydrogen is $1/kilogram (kg) by 2031, not including delivery and dispensing, for production using electrolyzers that make hydrogen from water. Currently, the cost of hydrogen made with electrolyzers is $5/kg to $7/kg. The MYPP has a goal of <$7 per kg, dispensed at the pump, for hydrogen used in trucks by 2028. The cost of delivered hydrogen currently ranges from $12/kg to $16/kg. DOE Budgetary Resources Within DOE, two offices-EERE and the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM)-were responsible for executing over 80% of DOE's budget authority on hydrogen and fuel cells from the FY2024 annual appropriation. The Office of Nuclear Energy and the Office of Science received smaller percentages. In FY2024, the joint explanatory statement accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 (P.L. 118-42) directed $396.0 million to the hydrogen crosscutting initiative. DOE anticipates that by the end of 2024, it will announce funding for hydrogen by ARPA-E (Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy). Figure I. FY2025 Budget Request for Hydrogen Activities at DOE, by Office (in millions of dollars) ARPA-E,TBD Office of Nuclear Source: DOE FY2025 Congressional justification. ARPA-E funding for hydrogen is determined annually based on programs developed through office and stakeholder priorities and defined, in part, by the proposals it receives and awards. ARPA-E would add to the above. For FY2025, the President's budget request for the DOE hydrogen crosscutting initiative was $377.2 million (Figure 1). The funding for HFTO makes up the majority of funding from EERE in Figure 1, as well as the majority of

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