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1 1 (July 12, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/govepjo0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Service informing the aegislative debate sinee 1914 July 12, 2024 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Appropriations: FY2025 President's Budget Request Since FY2006, Congress has funded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations acts. For FY2025, the President requested $10.99 billion for EPA. The request was $1.83 billion (20.0%) greater than the $9.16 billion FY2024 regular enacted appropriations for EPA provided in Division E: Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, Title II of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 (P.L. 118-42), including rescissions. Division J, Title VI of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58), enacted on November 15, 2021, provided an additional $11.61 billion for EPA in emergency supplemental appropriations for FY2024 and $12.01 billion for FY2025. The FY2025 request for EPA was $1.09 billion (9.0%) less than the FY2024 request of $12.08 billion. Requested and enacted appropriations for EPA since FY2016 are shown in Figure 1. The figure includes discretionary appropriations and does not include mandatory (permanent) appropriations, such as $41.46 billion in FY2022 permanent appropriations provided to EPA in P.L. 117-169, the measure known as the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). Figure I. EPA Requested and Enacted Discretionary Budget Authority, FY2016-FY2025 Requested I Regular Enacted WA $25 Nominal $in billions $20 $15 $10 FY16 Y7 Y9 1 FY2 FY23 FY2 FY25 Source: CRS using information from the Congressional Record; House, Senate, and conference reports; and EPA's FY2025 Congressional Budget Justification. Notes: Enacted amounts include regular annual and supplemental appropriations, rescissions, and IIJA advance appropriations. Not shown are $41.46 billion in permanent appropriations provided by P.L. 117-169 (IRA) for EPA in FY2022. History of EPA Budget Authority Figure 2 presents EPA discretionary budget authority since FY1976 in nominal dollars and adjusted for inflation. EPA's budget authority is provided through annual appropriations and constitutes the amount of funding available to the agency for obligation in a fiscal year to carry out a specific purpose authorized in law. Figure 2. EPA Total Discretionary Budget Authority, FY1976-FY2023 Actual and FY2024-FY2025 Estimated $28 $ in billions $24 $20 A t n $16 A202 ed fof ron $12 $8 $4 a . .i .~ . . . .~ .~ . .L . . Source: CRS based on the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Budget of the United States Government Fiscal Year 2025, Historical Tables, Table 5.4. Notes: Actual amounts include regular annual and supplemental appropriations and IIJA advance appropriations. Not shown are $41.46 billion in permanent appropriations provided by P.L. 117-169 (IRA) for EPA in FY2022. FY2024 and FY2025 inflation-adjusted amounts are estimates, using OMB deflators presented in Table 10.1 of the FY2025 OMB Budget. PA Appropriations Accounts Funding for discretionary spending is annually appropriated to EPA among 10 statutory accounts established by Congress over time. These include State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG), Environmental Programs and Management (EPM), Hazardous Substance Superfund (Superfund), Science and Technology (S&T), Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund Program, Buildings and Facilities, Office of Inspector General, Inland Oil Spill Program, Hazardous Waste Electronic Manifest System Fund (Hazardous Waste EMSF), and Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Program accounts. As indicated in Figure 3, the proportional distribution of funding among these accounts remained steady from FY2016 to FY2021. Beginning in FY2022, IIJA supplemental appropriations provided additional funding for the STAG, EPM, and Superfund accounts. In recent years, the STAG and EPM accounts have received the largest share of funding, followed by the Superfund and S&T accounts. The STAG account funds grants for water infrastructure, brownfields site assessment and remediation, diesel emissions reduction, targeted airsheds, and categorical grants to delegated states and tribes for implementing environmental statutes. The EPM account 0

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