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1 1 (July 9, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/govepjf0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Parliamentary Elections in Mongolia July 9, 2024 Mongolia, an important U.S. partner in the Indo-Pacific region, held parliamentary elections on June 28. Sharing borders with Russia and the People's Republic of China (PRC, or China), Mongolia stands out among its neighbors as a multiparty parliamentary democracy. Congress has expressed strong support for Mongolian democracy and the U.S.-Mongolia strategic partnership. Mongolia is one of 21 countries worldwide that participate in the House Democracy Partnership. The 2024 parliamentary elections were the first held following constitutional changes that expanded the size of the unicameral parliament, known as the State Great Khural, and introduced a mixed electoral system. The Mongolian People's Party (MPP) maintained its majority, winning 68 seats. The opposition Democratic Party (DP) won 42 seats. The new parliament also includes three smaller parties: the HUN party won 8 seats, while the National Coalition and the Civil Will-Green Party, neither of which had deputies in the previous parliament, won 4 seats each (see Figure 1). Voter turnout was about 70%, compared to 73.6% in the 2020 parliamentary elections. The MPP, which had held a supermajority since 2016, plans to form a coalition government with the DP and the HUN party. Political Background Following a peaceful revolution in 1990, Mongolia embarked on a democratic transition that set it apart from other formerly communist countries in the region. Elections in Mongolia are generally considered free and fair, and Mongolia is the only formerly communist country in Asia classified as Free by the U.S. nongovernmental organization Freedom House. The U.S. State Department describes Mongolia's achievements in terms of democratization and market reforms as considerable, but notes widespread corruption as an enduring challenge. Although Mongolia has a multiparty system, political power since the country's democratization has generally alternated between two major parties, the MPP and the DP, which have established a track record of peaceful transitions of power. In 2016, the MPP won 65 of 76 seats in parliament, while the then-ruling DP won 9 seats. The MPP maintained its commanding majority in the June 2020 parliamentary elections, winning 62 seats. The DP increased its share of seats to 11. This was the first time since Mongolia's transition to democracy that the same party maintained a parliamentary majority in two consecutive elections. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12390 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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