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1 1 (May 30, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/govepek0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Restrictions on the Use of Journalists for Intelligence Purposes May 30, 2024 This CRS Insight provides background and issues facing Congress concerning U.S. restrictions on the use of journalists for intelligence purposes. Congress may examine whether existing statutory provisions sufficiently protect overseas U.S. journalists and others from a perception by adversarial governments of an individual's affiliation with the U.S. intelligence community. Background Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich continues to be held by Russian authorities more than a year after being arrested in late March 2023 on charges of espionage. The U.S. Department of State detennined that Gershkovich is wrongfully detained and that the U.S. government will provide all appropriate support to secure his release. Prior to the mid-1970s, reportedly it had been a practice of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to use American journalists for intelligence collection purposes. These reports raised questions about whether such practices violated the rights of Americans (including to a free press) or unnecessarily endangered American journalists abroad. Following investigations into U.S. intelligence activities by two congressional select committees (chaired by Senator Frank Church and Representative Otis Pike), Congress made a number of recommendations for reforming intelligence policy and oversight, including the recommendation to establish a permanent congressional oversight framework for intelligence activities. It has since been the policy of the intelligence community not to use journalists, clergy, or Peace Corps volunteers for intelligence purposes, other than in exceptional circumstances. The agency's declassified implementing regulations for E.O. 12333, United States Intelligence Activities, state the agency would not use accredited U.S. or foreign journalists, clergy, or Peace Corps workers for intelligence purposes. Open, acknowledged relationships with the clergy and journalists for conducting translation or training services, or (for clergy) religious services, were-permitted. The agency also disallowed the use of congressional employees for intelligence purposes without approval from the individual's Member or committee chair. John Deutch, then-Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), described an exception to this policy in July 1996 testimony for the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. Deutch expressed reluctance to ever use Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12369 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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