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Congressional Research Service
In form ing th legislative debate since 1914


                                                                                       Updated March 26, 2024

The Army's Robotic Combat Vehicle (RCV) Program


Background
The RCV  is being developed as part of the Army's Next
Generation Combat Vehicle (NGCV) family of vehicles. As
originally planned, the Army intended to develop three
RCV  variants: Light, Medium, and Heavy. The Army
reportedly envisioned employing RCVs as scouts and
escorts for manned fighting vehicles to deter ambushes
and to guard the flanks of mechanized formations. RCVs
are intended to be controlled by operators riding in NGCVs,
but the Army hopes that improved ground navigation
technology and artificial intelligence (AI) might eventually
permit a single operator to control multiple RCVs or for
RCVs  to operate in a more autonomous mode.

Three RCV Variants
According to the Army's Robotic Combat Vehicle
Campaign  Plan, January 16, 2019, obtained by CRS, the
Army  planned to develop three RCV variants.

RCV   Light (RCV-L)
The RCV-L  (Figure 1) was to weigh no more than 10 tons,
with dimensions (length, width, height) of no more than
224 x 88 x 94 inches. In terms of transportability, a single
RCV-L  would be transported by rotary wing aircraft. The
RCV-L  would also have limited on-board lethality such as
self-defense systems, anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs),
or recoilless weapons. The RCV-L was considered an
expendable weapon system, meaning its destruction in
combat is expected and acceptable.


Figure I. Example of an RCV-L  Prototype


Source: https://www.qinetiq.com/en/news/first-robotic-combat-
vehicle-light, accessed July 12, 2021.

RCV  Medium   (RCV-M)
The RCV-M   (Figure 2) was to weigh between 10 and 20
tons, with dimensions (length, width, height) of no more
than 230 x 107 x 94 inches. In terms of transportability, a
single RCV-M  was to be transported by a C-130 transport
aircraft. The RCV-M was to have increased onboard
lethality to defeat light- to medium-armored threats. The
RCV-M   was considered durable by the Army, meaning
the Army would like the RCV-M to be more survivable
than the RCV-L.


Figure 2. Example of an RCV-M  Prototype


Source: https://www.defensedaily.com/textron-team-readying-
delivery-first-rcv-m-prototypes-received-deal-electric-variant/army/,
accessed July 12, 2021.

RCV  Heavy  (RCV-H)
The RCV-H  (Figure 3) was to weigh between 20 and 30
tons, with dimensions (length, width, height) of no more
than 350 x 144 x 142 inches. In terms of transportability,
two RCV-Hs  would be transported by a C-17 transport
aircraft. The RCV-H was to have on-board direct fire
weapon systems capable of defeating all known enemy
armored vehicles. The RCV-H was considered a
nonexpendable weapon system, meaning that it should be
as survivable as a crewed system.

Figure 3. ExamDie of an RCV-H  PrototvDe


Source: https://sites.breakingmedia.com/uploads/sites/3/2020/10/
ALAS-Turret-front-close-IMG_0174.jpg, accessed July 12, 2021.


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