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         Congressional Research Service
~ Inforrning the legislative debate since   1914


                                                                                       Updated March 19, 2024

The Marine Corps' Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV)


Background
The Marine Corps describes the Amphibious Combat
Vehicle (ACV) as

    The  Corps' next-generation vehicle designed to
    move  Marines  from ship to shore (Figure  1).
    Designed to replace the Corps' aging Amphibious
    Assault Vehicle (AAV), which has been in service
    since 1972, the ACV will be the primary means of
    tactical mobility for the Marine infantry battalion at
    sea and ashore (Figure 2). The ACV will have the
    capability to provide organic, direct fire support to
    dismounted infantry in the attack.
There are currently four ACV variants planned: (1) a
Personnel Variant (ACV-P), which can carry three
crewmembers  with 13 Marines and two days of combat
equipment and supplies; (2) a Command and Control
Variant (ACV-C); (3) a Recovery Variant (AC-R); and (4)
a 30-mm Gun  Variant (ACV-30). The Marines intend for
the ACV to provide effective land and tactical water
mobility (ship-to-shore and shore-to-shore), precise
supporting fires, and high levels of force protection
intended to protect against blasts, fragmentation, and
kinetic energy threats.

The ACV  program delivered initial ACV-P variants in
November  2020 and delivered initial ACV-C variants in
FY2022. Plans call for delivery of Improved Lethality
30-mm  Gun Variant ACVs in FY2025 and Recovery
Variants in FY2026.


Figure I. Amphibious Combat   Vehicle in
Ship-to-Shore Mode


Source: https://www.baesystems.com/en-us/multimedia/amphibious-
combat-vehicle-I I-acv-1 I, accessed February 3, 2021.


Figure 2. Amphibious Combat   Vehicle Ashore


Source: https://www.baesystems.com/en-us/multimedia/amphibious-
combat-vehicle- I - I -acy- I -1-, accessed February 3, 2021.

Current Program Status
In June 2018, the ACV entered Low-Rate Initial Production
(LRIP) with BAE Systems selected for the first 30 vehicles
to be delivered in fall 2019. In November 2020, the ACV
achieved Initial Operational Capability (IOC). In December
2020, a Full-Rate Production (FRP) decision was reportedly
made by the Marine Corps after having been delayed from
September 2020 due to issues related to Coronavirus
Disease 2019. The current planned acquisition objective of
632 ACVs  would replace AAVs in Assault Amphibian
Battalions. The previous acquisition objective of 1,122
ACVs  was reduced in accordance with Marine Corps Force
Design 2030 modernization efforts (see CRS Insight
IN11281, New  U.S. Marine Corps Force Design Initiative:
Force Design 2030, by Andrew Feickert).

Full-Rate Production  Contract
On March  6, 2023, BAE reported it had received its third
full-rate production ACV contract for $256.8 million.
Under this contract, BAE will produce both ACV-P and
ACV-C  variants. BAE reports ACV production and support
is taking place at BAE locations in Stafford, VA; Jose, CA;
Sterling Heights, MI; Aiken, SC; and York, PA.

ACV-30   Variant Delivered
Reportedly, BAE delivered its ACV-30 variant to the
Marines in February 2024 for government testing. The
ACV-30  is to be equipped with a stabilized, medium-
caliber, remote-controlled turret system produced by the
Norwegian company  Kongsberg.


  Low-Rate Initial Production (LRIP) is a programmatic
  decision made when manufacturing development is completed
  and there is an ability to produce a small-quantity set of
  articles. It also establishes an initial production base and sets
  the stage for a gradual increase in the production rate to
  allow for Full-Rate Production (FRP) upon completion of
  Operational Test and Evaluation (OT&E).


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