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Congressional Research Service
informing the legislative debate since 1914


                                                                                                  July 11, 2023

Connecting Constituents with Federal Assistance for Businesses


Federal agencies assist businesses through a number of
credit and technical assistance programs. With some
exceptions, the federal government typically does not award
grants for starting or expanding a for-profit business.
Exceptions include certain federal grants that may be
available for businesses involved in research and
development (R&D)  activities (e.g., the Small Business
Research Programs) or healthy food initiatives (e.g., the
Health Food Finance Initiative).

This In Focus includes a summary of selected federal
agencies and programs that provide business assistance
such as loans, business counseling, and other forms of
technical assistance. Note that these programs vary in scope
and funding levels, and that their relevancy to meeting the
needs of specific businesses also varies. This In Focus does
not represent a comprehensive list of all potentially relevant
federal assistance programs for businesses, nor does it
cover federal procurement regulations (federal contracting
preferences) and tax policies (incentives).

Small   Business Administration (SBA)
The SBA  administers several types of programs to support
small businesses.

  Business development specialists at the local district
   offices offer counseling and training to help
   entrepreneurs start and grow a business:
   https://www.sba.gov/local-assistance/find.

  The SBA  works with a nationwide network of local
   resource providers to provide free or low-cost
   management  and technical assistance and one-on-one
   counseling to entrepreneurs interested in starting or
   operating a small business. These services are provided
   by Small Business Development Centers, Veterans
   Business Outreach Centers, and Women's Business
   Centers: https://www.sba.gov/local-assistance/resource-
   partners.

  The SBA  also provides a variety of online resources on
   starting, operating, and growing a business:
   https://www.sba.gov/business-guide.

  For businesses that are veteran-owned, minority-owned,
   Native American-owned, women-owned,  or LGBT-
   owned, the SBA provides online resources:
   https://www.sba.gov/business-guide/grow-your-
   business/get-more-funding, see the categories of
   businesses at the left.

  While the SBA does not typically offer grants for
   starting or expanding a business, loans may be an
   option: https://www.sba.gov/funding-programs.


   Interested borrowers can search for a lender using
   SBA's  Lender Match tool: https://www.sba.gov/
   funding-programs/loans/lender-match-connects-you-
   lenders.

SBA  loan programs include the following:

  The 7(a) loan guaranty program provides financing of
   up to $5 million to small businesses for a variety of
   business needs, including establishing a business or
   assisting with the operation, acquisition, or expansion of
   an existing business. These loans are made by private
   lenders, often banks or credit unions:
   https://www.sba.gov/partners/lenders/7a-loan-program!
   types-7a-loans.

  The 504 loan program  provides financing of up to $5.5
   million to small businesses for the purchase or
   construction of fixed assets, such as land, buildings, or
   machinery: https://www.sba.gov/funding-programs/
   loans/504-loans.

  The Microloan  program provides financing for smaller
   projects up to $50,000 for the acquisition of materials,
   supplies, or equipment. Microloans are provided by
   intermediaries (typically community development
   nonprofits) and are targeted toward disadvantaged
   entrepreneurs: https://www.sba.gov/funding-programs/
   loans/microloans.

  The Community   Advantage  loan program works with
   nontraditional and mission-oriented lenders to increase
   lending: https://www.sba.gov/partners/lenders/7a-loan-
   program/pilot-loan-programs.

US.   Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Ru  ral Devdlopment (RD)
The USDA   Office of Rural Development administers grant
and loan programs through rural public entities to assist
small rural businesses. Eligibility may depend on a variety
of program factors, including the business location and size
of the community. Rural areas are defined as areas with a
population of fewer than 50,000 inhabitants and not
adjacent to cities of more than 50,000 inhabitants.
Businesses may reach out to their local USDA Rural
Development  office for more information:
https://www.rd.usda.gov/about-rd/state-offices. Selected
USDA   programs and initiatives include the following:

*  The Rural Microentrepreneur  Assistance Program
   provides loans and grants to Microenterprise
   Development  Organizations that then provide loans to
   small rural businesses (i.e., businesses with 10 or fewer
   full-time employees): https://www.rd.usda.gov/

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