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1 1 (July 5, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govemdk0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ____ S£ Research Service The Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) July 5, 2023 Flooding is the most frequent and costly natural disaster facing the nation, and floodplain policy has particular relevance for infrastructure and the federal government's exposure to flood losses and demand for disaster assistance. The Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS) is a mechanism for federal agencies to consider and manage current and future flood risk by requiring federally funded projects to be located out of flood risk areas or constructed to reduce the effects of current and future flood hazards (including less-frequent larger events). Five executive orders are directly relevant to the FFRMS. E.O. 11988 President Carter signed E.O. 11988, Floodplain Management, in May 1977 to require federal actions to avoid supporting development in the floodplain: Federal actions are to avoid, if alternatives are available, supporting development in the 1% annual-chance floodplain (also referred to as the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA), the 100-year floodplain, or the Base Flood Elevation (BFE) floodplain). Under implementation guidance for E.O. 11988, critical actions are to avoid the 0.2% annual-chance (500-year) floodplain if alternatives are available. E.O. 13690 President Obama signed E.O. 13690, Establishing a Federal Flood Risk Management Standard and a Process for Further Soliciting and Considering Stakeholder Input, in January 2015. It established for federally funded projects an FFRMS requiring a higher level of flood resilience than E.O. 11988. Federally funded projects are defined as actions where federal funds are used for new construction, substantial improvement, or to address substantial damage to structures and facilities. E.O. 13690 modified the E.O. 11988 requirements, largely by redefining the floodplain used for federal floodplain management policy. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12193 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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