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              Congressional                                              ______
           '.Research Service






Federal Land Management: When

Multiple Use and Sustained Yield

Diverge



June  21,  2023

The Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA) has provided the framework for federal
management  of public lands since 1976. Among other things, FLPMA instructs the Secretary of the
Interior (Secretary) to manage public lands under principles of multiple use and sustained yield. This
Legal Sidebar explains a potential change that the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), an agency within
the Department of the Interior tasked with management of federal lands, has proposed in how it
implements the dual mandate of multiple use/sustained yield on federal lands.
The Supreme Court has described multiple use management as a deceptively simple term that
describes the enormously complicated task of striking a balance among the many competing uses to
which land can be put. Because FLPMA includes more than 200 million acres in its definition of public
lands, many parties have significant interests in the interpretation and application of this short phrase
multiple use and sustained yield.
Understanding the meaning of that phrase starts with FLPMA itself. The statute envisions management
that balances the use of the resources of public lands with the preservation of those resources for future
generations. It defines sustained yield as the achievement and maintenance in perpetuity of a high-level
annual or regular periodic output of the various renewable resources of the public lands consistent with
multiple use. FLMPA offers a more detailed definition of multiple use that obliges BLM to manage the
lands under its purview so that they are utilized in the combination that will best meet the present and
future needs of the American people, allowing for periodic adjustments to conform to changing needs
and conditions and taking into account the long-term needs of future generations for renewable and
nonrenewable resources, including, but not limited to, recreation, range, timber, minerals, watershed,
wildlife and fish, and natural scenic, scientific and historical values. It also requires harmonious and
coordinated management of the various resources without permanent impairment of the productivity of
the land and the quality of the environment with consideration being given to the relative values of the
resources and not necessarily to the combination of uses that will give the greatest economic return or the
greatest unit output.


                                                                Congressional Research Service
                                                                  https://crsreports.congress.gov
                                                                                     LSB10982

CRS Legal Sidebar
Prepared for Members and
Committees of Congress

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