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1 1 (June 2, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govelvl0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ____ '.Research Service Carbon Dioxide (C02) Pipeline Development: Federal Initiatives June 2, 2023 Carbon dioxide (CO2) pipelines are essential components of carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems which are proposed to reduce atmospheric emissions of man-made CO2, a greenhouse gas. Approximately 5,000 miles of pipeline already carry CO2 in the United States, primarily linking natural CO2 sources to oil fields where CO2 is used for enhanced oil recovery. However, a much larger pipeline network likely will be needed to meet national goals for greenhouse gas reduction. Developers already are seeking permits for new CO2 pipelines. Summit Carbon Solutions, Navigator CO2 Ventures, and Wolf Carbon Solutions are developing multistate projects in the Upper Midwest which, collectively, would comprise over 3,600 miles of new pipeline for carbon capture from ethanol plants. Along with other actions to promote CCS, the federal government has been advancing initiatives to promote such CO2 pipeline projects, as discussed below. Safety Regulation The Pipelines and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) within the Department of Transportation (DOT) has statutory authority over CO2 pipeline safety. PHMSA has long regulated the construction, operation and maintenance of CO2 pipelines (49 C.F.R. @§190, 195-199). However, a 2020 CO2 pipeline rupture in Satartia, MS, which required a local evacuation and caused 45 people to be hospitalized, has prompted criticism from pipeline safety advocates that PHMSA's existing regulations for CO2 pipelines are inadequate. Safety concerns also have given rise to siting opposition among some affected landowners and advocacy groups. In response to these criticisms, and findings from its own Satartia investigation, PHMSA announced on May 26, 2022, that it was initiating a rulemaking to update its CO2 pipeline safety standards. The agency plans to publish a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in June 2024, but has not set a date for a final rule. Some stakeholders have expressed concern that developers may begin constructing new CO2 pipelines before a new rule is finalized. Financial Support The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA, P.L. 117-58) Section 40304 established within the Department of Energy (DOE) a Carbon Dioxide Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12169 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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