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1 [1] (March 23, 2023)

handle is hein.crs/govekzq0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Servi inforrning the iegislative debdie since 1914 Updated March 23, 2023 Department of Energy Funding for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Programs FY2022 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen Program, led by the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO) within the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) addresses the development of applications that use hydrogen in place of today's fuels and technologies that provide modern energy services. DOE programs also consider hydrogen as an established chemical feedstock, for example, in petroleum refining. The DOE programs include over 400 projects of research and development (R&D), systems integration, demonstrations, and initial deployment activities performed by universities, national laboratories, and industry. These programs cover the hydrogen energy value chain starting with producing the hydrogen from diverse feedstocks; transporting and storing it; and finally using it in various applications. A future hydrogen economy using hydrogen as an energy carrier and fuel could offer an alternative to today's economy with its prevalent combustion of fossil fuels. Initially thought of as a new technology for personal mobility services (e.g., cars) and high-value applications such as provision of electric power during space flight, hydrogen now is receiving attention for other applications, including industrial processes, heavy vehicles, forklifts, portable power, and electric power buffering and balancing. Federal Hydrogen Programs Author'zing Legislation The Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-413) authorized a hydrogen program, which initially resided with the National Science Foundation. Congress transferred overall management responsibility of the hydrogen program to DOE with the Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and Demonstration Program Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-566). The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct, P.L. 109-58) and its subsequent amendments further defined the program scope and purpose and established administrative requirements such as annual reports. The DOE Program The DOE hydrogen program includes several offices with responsibility for supporting hydrogen work based on different sources of energy (e.g., renewable, fossil, nuclear) and types of end-use (e.g., vehicles, portable power, thermal comfort). DOE's September 2022 draft National Clean Hydrogen Strategy and Roadmap identifies key milestones for the program goals including the cost of the hydrogen itself and the component costs of hydrogen- consuming devices. For example, DOE has programs that aim to reduce the cost of the fuel cell system that powers a heavy-duty vehicle to $80 per kilowatt; DOE estimates the baseline cost to be $200/kW with current technology and an assumed 100,000 units manufactured per year (which DOE calculates would reduce the cost). DOE describes its hydrogen program as being part of its clean energy portfolio. DOE launched a Hydrogen Shot initiative in June 2021, one of its Energy Earthshots dedicated to the scale-up of emerging clean energy technologies. The goal of Hydrogen Shot is to make hydrogen commercially available at a cost of $1 for 1 kilogram in 1 decade. The cost, as defined by DOE, is for production using electrolyzers that split water to make the hydrogen and does not include delivery and dispensing. DOE has numerous other goals and reviews these internally and at its annual merit review, most recently in June 2022. DOE Spending Within DOE, two offices-EERE and the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management-are responsible for executing over 80% of DOE's budget authority on hydrogen and fuel cells in fiscal year (FY) 2022. The Office of Nuclear Energy, Office of Science, and ARPA-E (Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy) received smaller amounts of the DOE-wide total of $318.8 million in FY2022. (See Figure 1.) Figure I. FY2022 Appropriations for DOE Hydrogen Programs, by Office ($million) office of A T-E $2.0 Nuclear Energy, Office of 5X3. j Science, $7, Source: Department of Energy FY2024 Congressional Justification: Vol. 4, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, March 2023, at https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/doe-fy-2024- bu dget-vol-4-eere-v2.pdf.

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