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~ Informing the Iegislative debate since 1914
Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) Hazard Mitigation Assistance
Updated December 23, 2022
Introduction
The majority of funding in the United States for both pre- and post-disaster mitigation comes from the
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which defines mitigation as any sustained action to
reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects.
Mitigation actions have a long-term impact, as opposed to actions associated with immediate
preparedness, response, and recovery activities. A widely cited study by the Multihazard Mitigation
Council found that society saves $6 for every dollar spent on mitigation funded through major federal
mitigation grants.
FEMA administers three hazard mitigation grant programs and one loan program, collectively referred to
as Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA):
 Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP);
 Flood Mitigation Assistance Grant Program (FMA);
  Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC), which replaced the Pre-
Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Grant Program;
   Safeguarding Tomorrow Revolving Loan Fund Program (STRLF).
Eligible applicants for the grant programs include state and local governments and federally recognized
tribes. Certain nonprofit organizations may apply for HMGP. Eligible entities for STRLF are states, the
District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and federally recognized tribes with major disaster declarations in the
five-year period ending January 1, 2021. Individuals may not apply for HMA funding, but they may
benefit from a community application. Applicants to all four programs must have FEMA-approved hazard
mitigation plans.
Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
IN11187
CRS INSIGHT
Prepared for Members and
Committees of Congress

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