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1 1 (December 1, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govejom0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congjressional ____ ~ ~Research Service Legislation to Avert Railroad Strike Advances Updated December 1, 2022 On November 30, 2022, the House passed two bills intended to resolve a labor dispute affecting over 100,000 employees of six major freight railroads and many smaller ones. This dispute could result in widespread work stoppages as early as December 9. The first bill, H.J.Res. 100, would avert a stoppage by imposing the terms of a tentative agreement reached in September but that was rejected by some unions. The second, H.Con.Res. 119, would amend the enrolled text of H.J.Res. 100 to provide workers seven paid sick days per year. The Senate could pass both House bills, pass just the bill averting a strike, or propose alternative legislation. Negotiations have occurred against a backdrop of declining railroad employment, a trend that began well in advance of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Since November 2018, railroad employment has shrunk by some 40,000 jobs, or by over 20%, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Some of these job losses can be attributed to the decline in the transportation of coal, while others may have been due to new approaches to staffing and asset use within the rail industry. Overview of Rail Labor Law Labor disputes in the railway and airline industries are governed by the Railway Labor Act (RLA), which created the National Mediation Board (NMB) to facilitate negotiations. If a dispute is not settled through RLA-prescribed negotiation, mediation, or arbitration, and if the NMB determines that the dispute threatens substantially to interrupt interstate commerce to a degree such as to deprive any section of the country of essential transportation service, the law authorizes the President to establish an Emergency Board to investigate and issue a report. The Presidential Emergency Board's recommendations are not binding on the parties, and either party may reject them. The current negotiations began in November 2019 between a coalition of labor unions and several railroads. An Emergency Board appointed by President Biden issued its recommendations in August 2022; since then, the parties have been in cooling-off' periods during which no action may be taken that would result in a work stoppage. The two sides reached a tentative agreement on September 15, averting a strike that could have begun the following day, but the agreement requires ratification by union members to take effect. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11966 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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