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1 1 (November 30, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govejof0001 and id is 1 raw text is: S Congressional ____ ~ Research Service Challenges with Identifying Minors Online: A Brief Introduction November 30, 2022 In the final weeks of the 117th Congress, Members of Congress are considering increasing protections for children online through the Kids Online Safety Act (S. 3663) and the Children and Teens' Online Privacy Protection Act (S. 1628). The bills would create requirements for operators of websites and mobile applications (apps), among other entities, to implement safeguards and other protections for minors. The U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Technology approved both bills on July 27, 2022. To protect minors online, Congress enacted the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA; 15 U.S.C. §§6501-6506) in 1998. COPPA requires operators of online services directed to children under 13 years of age that collect personal information to notify users about the data collection, receive parental consent, and maintain reasonable procedures to protect the data. Congress has enacted other legislation-such as the Child Online Protection Act-that federal courts have deemed unconstitutional under the First Amendment. Current Efforts to Identify Minors Some providers of online services have implemented minimum age requirements, typically stated in the providers' terms of service. Providers can use a minimum age requirement to assist them in complying with federal laws, such as COPPA, or to provide content that might not be suitable for minors. To verify users' ages, many providers only require users to enter their birthdate or age before accessing the website or app, although some have set or are exploring additional requirements. For example, Tinder, a dating app, requires users in some locations to submit a copy of their driver's license, passport, or health insurance card to verify their age; it does not allow verification with a resident card, temporary driver's license, or student identification (ID) card. In June 2022, Instagram, a social media platform, started to test three options for users to verify their age. Users can (1) record videos of themselves, which are shared with Yoti, a company that operates an age-checking artificial intelligence (AI) technology; (2) ask other users to confirm their age; or (3) upload a driver's license or other form of ID. In February 2021, Pornhub, a platform for pornographic content, announced that only users verified with Yoti would be able to upload content. On November 8, 2022, Anheuser-Busch, a beer brewing company, launched a Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12055 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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