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1 1 (October 25, 2022)

handle is hein.crs/govejga0001 and id is 1 raw text is: S Congressional ____ aResearch Service New Immigration Policies Related to Venezuelan Migrants October 25, 2022 In FY2022, the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) Customs and Border Protection (CBP) recorded 187,716 encounters of Venezuelan nationals at or between ports of entry along the U.S.-Mexico land border, with September marking the highest monthly total ever (33,804). On October 12, 2022, the Biden Administration announced new policies to address the record levels of Venezuelans encountered at the border. The multipronged approach, coordinated with Mexico, features changes to border enforcement practices and a new process to allow Venezuelans who have a U.S. sponsor to apply for Immigration parole and fly directly into the United States. Venezuela Country Conditions and Humanitarian Crisis Venezuela, under the authoritarian rule of President Nicols Maduro, remains in deep economic and humanitarian crises. From 2014 to 2021, Venezuela's economy contracted by 80% and exhibited rates of hyperinflation among the world's highest, according to estimates by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). While hyperinflation has abated, food insecurity and a collapse of health and other social services have left 7 million people in need of humanitarian assistance and led over 7.1 million more Venezuelans to flee the country. An October 2022 International Organization for Migration (IOM) report estimated that 75% of Venezuelans seeking assistance in countries in Latin America and the Caribbean are living under precarious circumstances. Border Policy Changes and the New Parole Process The new border enforcement policies aim to reduce the number of Venezuelans encountered by CBP at the Southwest border. Prior to these changes, the vast majority of Venezuelans encountered were processed for removal and released into the United States, where they could apply for asylum during immigration court proceedings. Now, Venezuelans apprehended between ports of entry are subject to the public health-related Title 42 policy, which allows CBP to expel migrants back to Mexico (in coordination with the government of Mexico). Although the DHS notice outlining the new policies is not explicit, some Venezuelans may be considered exceptions to Title 42 on a case-by-case basis and may be allowed to enter the United States and apply for asylum during removal proceedings. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN12040 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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