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1 1 (November 17, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/goveevf0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ______ ~.Research Service [nforming the egisative debate since 1914 ('L COVID-19: Restrictions on Noncitizen Travel November 17, 2021 In response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the executive branch has invoked statutory powers conferred by Congress to impose special restrictions on the entry into the United States of non-U.S. nationals (referred to as aliens in governing statutes and regulations; some jurists and policymakers use the term noncitizens instead). These special restrictions break into two general categories: those that apply to aliens seeking entry with visas or other valid travel documents, and those that apply to aliens encountered near the border without valid travel documents (referred to here as undocumented migrants to distinguish them from aliens encountered in the interior of the United States who lack valid entry documents). Neither category of restrictions applies to U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents (LPRs). This Legal Sidebar summarizes these restrictions and recent related developments. Aside from the restrictions on alien entry discussed here, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) imposes predeparture COVID-19-related testing requirements on air travelers entering the United States, including U.S. citizens and LPRs. In addition, the CDC has established vaccination requirements for applicants for refugee status and some visas. Snapshot of COVID-Related Restrictions on Alien Entry Travelers Seeking Entry with Visas or Other Valid Documents Vaccination is required for nonimmigrant air travelers, with some exceptions. Vaccination is required for most noncitizens traveling by land or ferry for nonessential purposes; starting in January 2022, this requirement will extend to most aliens traveling for essential purposes as well. Undocumented Migrants Encountered Near the Border (at or between ports of entry) Title 42 policy authorizes rapid expulsion without asylum screening (not applicable to unaccompanied children). Restrictions on Arriving Aliens with Valid Documents In response to the global spread of COVID-19, the White House has implemented a number of entry restrictions on arriving aliens with valid documents. Although entry restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic have largely differed based on arrival method-air travel as opposed to crossing into the United States at land border ports of entry (POEs) and ferry terminals-the White House made efforts in October of 2021 to harmonize entry requirements. These efforts generally require vaccination against COVID-19 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov LSB10659 CRS Legal Sidebar Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress

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