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1 1 (November 10, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/goveeup0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ~ Research Service inforrmng the legislative debate since 1914_ Supply Chain Bottlenecks at U.S. Ports November 10, 2021 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the potential vulnerabilities of global supply chains, which divide production processes (e.g., raw materials sourcing, parts assembly, distribution) into discrete stages located in multiple countries to achieve efficient production. Companies rely on a complex, global network of transportation services, primarily container shipping, to move intermediate goods between multiple countries for processing before they are shipped globally as final goods. The pandemic has disrupted regular trade flows when various Asian countries issued COVID-19 lockdowns at factories and ports and reopening at different times, congesting seaports globally when goods eventually leave Asia. In fall 2020, goods began backing up at U.S. seaports as the pandemic shifted U.S. consumers' buying habits from the service sector to the goods sector. From March through July 2021, retail sales (excluding automobiles and gasoline) were 20% higher than for the same period in 2019. Many retail goods are wholly or partially manufactured in Asia, leading to a surge in containerized cargo (Figure 1). Dozens of ships are now at anchor waiting to dock at the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Usually there are few or none. The back-up has caused shortages for retailers and factories. The delay in availability of empty containers after unloading their imported goods has led to lost sales for U.S. exporters. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11800 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress - M , t t7

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