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1 [1] (October 19, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/goveerk0001 and id is 1 raw text is: C o g e s o a R e s a r c S e r v i c 0 October 19, 2021 Youth Employment and Training Programs Authorized by the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA, P.L. 113-128) is the primary federal statute centrally focused on workforce development. It authorizes a group of programs to assist workers and employers in the labor market, with an emphasis on individuals with barriers to employment. This In Focus describes the three programs authorized in WIOA that target youth and are administered by the Department of Labor (DOL). Most of the youth-targeted programs in WIOA define eligible youth as persons ages 16 to 24 who demonstrate specified barriers to employment. Some individuals served by these programs could be eligible for both the youth programs in WIOA as well as other WIOA programs that serve the general adult population (ages 18+). Table I. Funding for Youth-Targeted Programs in the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (dollars in thousands) Youth Youth- Fiscal Year Activities Job Corps Build 2017 $873,416 $1,704,155 $84,534 2018 903,416 1,749,555 89,534 2019 903,416 1,718,655 89,534 2020 913,130 1,743,655 94,534 2021 921,130 1,748,655 96,534 Source: DOL FY2022 Budget Summary Tables; funding levels include any supplemental appropriations. The design and funding levels of the youth-targeted programs in WIOA vary: * WIOA Youth Activities are formula grants to states that are incorporated into a coordinated planning process with other workforce funding. Like other WIOA- authorized formula funds, the allowable uses for these funds are somewhat broad and include both employment activities (such as occupational skills training and work experience) as well as educational activities. Specific programming decisions are made by state and local grantees and subgrantees. * Job Corps supports a network of residential centers that provide intensive services for participants. Centers provide occupational training in a trade as well as appropriate academic and social supports. Jobs Corps has the highest funding of the three youth-targeted programs in WIOA. * YouthBuild is a competitive grant program that provides work experience, skills training, and educational services to eligible youth, with a focus on the construction trades. WIOA Formula Grants and Youth Activities WIOA Youth Activities is one of six core formula grant programs in WIOA. States are required to develop a unified plan that describes how each of the core funding streams will be coordinated to meet local workforce needs. Youth Activities funds may be used for out-of-school or in- school youth, though at least 75% of funds must be used for out-of-school youth. Out-of-school youth are ages 16 to 24 and meet certain criteria such as being a high school dropout or low-income. In-school youth are ages 14 to 24; are attending school; are low-income; and meet specified criteria, such as being deficient in basic skills, pregnant or parenting, homeless, or currently or formerly in foster care. DOL allots funds to state workforce agencies based on a formula that accounts for a state's relative share of unemployment and number of economically disadvantaged youth. States may reserve up to 15% of the funding for specified statewide activities. The remaining funds are allocated to local workforce development boards (WDBs) that administer the services, typically through a local partner such as a nonprofit organization or community college. Each local WDB must use Youth Activities funds to offer 14 program elements that include tutoring, study skills training, and other academic activities; alternative secondary school services or dropout recovery services; paid and unpaid work experiences (including summer employment opportunities, pre-apprenticeship programs, internships and job shadowing, and on-the-job training opportunities); supportive services; adult mentoring; follow-up services; and other specified activities. At least 20% of the funds allocated to the local WDB must be used to provide participating youth (whether they are in school or not) with paid and unpaid work experiences that have academic and occupational education as a component. WIOA Youth grantees and subgrantees are subject to a performance accountability system that considers participants' subsequent outcomes, including employment, enrollment in education, and earnings. In program year (PY) 2019 (July 2019-June 2020), about 137,000 participants received services under the program. ittps://crsreports.congress.g(

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