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1 1 (September 16, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/goveeop0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ~ Research Service E New Developments in the United States' Strategic and Defense Ties with Australia September 16, 2021 The Biden Administration is pushing to strengthen the U.S. alliance and is making it a cornerstone of a broader Indo-Pacific strategic architecture. On September 15, the White House announced anew Australia-United Kingdom-United States (AUKUS) trilateral security partnership. The three countries formed the new pact during the 70th anniversary year of the 1951 Australia-New Zealand-United States (ANZUS) Treaty, and some in the region have labeled AUKUS as ANZUS 2.0. The AUKUS agreement was announced just prior to the 2021 Australia-United States Ministerial (AUSMIN) meetings held on September 16, and President Joe Biden will host Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison as part of the Quadrilateral (Quad), meetings with their counterparts from Japan and India on September 24, 2021, suggesting additional initiatives may be announced. Australia's strategic ties with the United States now operate through the ANZUS alliance, the Five Eyes intelligence sharing group, the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, and the new AUKUS agreement. Congress may be interested in these developments as part of its oversight of alliance relations and the United States' strategy toward the Indo-Pacific region or due to potential large arms sales. AUKUS Some observers have described the AUKUS security pact as the most significant security arrangement between the three nations in a generation in what's seen as an effort to counter China. President Biden stated in announcing the pact that AUKUS will update and enhance our shared ability to take on the threats of the 21st century just as we did in the 20th century: together. Biden referenced that the three nations have stood shoulder-to-shoulder and fought together in WWI, WWII, Korea, and the Persian Gulf, and that AUKUS seeks to maintain and expand our edge in military capabilities and critical technologies, such as cyber, artificial intelligence, quantum technologies, and undersea domains. The pact focuses mostly on developing military capability, and opens the way for Australia to build nuclear-powered submarines. Australia reportedly plans to build approximately eight nuclear-powered submarines in Adelaide. Currently there are six nations that operate nuclear powered submarines, and the UK, and now Australia, are the only nations with which the United States shares nuclear propulsion technology. Nuclear-powered submarines do not have the same limitations as conventional submarines Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11762 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Membersand Committeesof Congress

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