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1 1 (September 24, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/goveeok0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional **Research Service China and Taiwan Both Seek to Join the CPTPP September 24, 2021 On September 16, China announced it had formally submitted a request to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), the trade-opening agreement formed among 11 members of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) following U. S. withdrawal from the TPP in 2017. On September 22, Taiwan formally submitted an application to join CPTPP, as a separate customs territory, in a similar approach as it used to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2002. China's ability to join CPTPP faces questions over its intent to comply with or accept CPTPP rules, while Taiwan's bid faces various political constraints. Both bids raise issues for the United States and Congress regarding the United States' trade leadership and economic role in Asia. China is also a member of the 15- member Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) concluded in 2020. CPTPP In 2016, after several years of negotiation originating under the George W. Bush Administration, the ObamaAdministration signed the TPP together with 11 Asia-Pacific countries. The United States led the negotiation of TPP provisions to eliminate tariff and nontariff barriers and establish enforceable rules on digital trade, investment, government procurement, intellectual property rights (IPR), state-owned enterprises (SOEs), labor, and environment (see CRS analysis on TPP). The agreement was not submitted to Congress for approval. President Trump withdrew the United States as a signatory in 2017, citing an intention to focus on bilateral negotiations, among other issues. The 11 remaining members created the CPTPP, a legal instrument that incorporates the TPP text, except for certain administrative provisions (e.g., accession, entry into force, withdrawal), and suspends 22 substantive TPP trade commitments (e.g., IPR provisions on biologics). CPTPP countries also agreed to certain additional country-specific exemptions; for example, a side letter grants Vietnam a five-year exemption from dispute settlement regarding cross-border data flows. The CPTPP entered into force among Australia, Canada, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, and Singapore in 2018, for Vietnam in 2019, and for Peru in 2021. The remaining signatories (Brunei, Chile, and Malaysia) have not ratified the agreement. In 2019, the parties established a CPTPP accession process. To date, the United Kingdom, China, and Taiwan, have submitted accession requests, all in 2021. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11760 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Membersand Committeesof Congress

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