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1 1 (September 8, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/goveelw0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional ~Research Service 21 S. 503, the Parents Act of 2021 September 8, 2021 The PARENTS Act of 2021 (S. 503) passed the Senate by a voice vote on July 27, 2021. This proposal would allow Child Support Enforcement (CSE) incentive funds to be spent by CSE programs on certain parenting time-related activities without the need for an exemption from the Office of Child Support Enforcement (OCSE) in the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. This Insight provides background on the CSE program, parenting time, and S. 503-proposed changes. CSE Program Overview The CSE program was enacted in 1975 as a federal-state program in Title IV-D of the Social Security Act (SSA). All 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and 61 tribal nations operate IV-D CSE programs. The program provides services on behalf of children that include parent location, the initial establishment and review and modification of child support orders, the collection and distribution of child support payments, and the establishment and enforcement of medical support. The majority of all child support cases are estimated to be handled by the CSE program; the remaining cases are handled by private attorneys, by collection agencies, or through mutual agreements between the parents. The bulk of IV-D CSE program funding is from federal matching funds, which provide a partial reimbursement for every dollar a state, territorial, or tribal IV-D program spends on eligible CSE expenditures. Another major source of IV-D funding is incentive funds paid to the state, DC, and territorial programs (henceforth, with regard to incentive funds, state programs). SSASection 458(f) requires state programs to reinvest incentive funds by expending them on activities also eligible for federal matching funds. It also allows states to request an OCSE exemption to allow incentive funds to be spent on approved activities that that are not eligible for federal matching funds but may contribute to improving the effectiveness or efficacy of that program. Parenting Time A noncustodial parent's right to see their children is commonly referred to as visitation or child access. Parenting time agreements are one way of effectuating this right by providing the time that the child will spend with each parent, usually by deciding issues such the regular schedule, vacations, and holidays. In the case of parents who were previously married to each other, parenting time typically is decided as part of divorce proceedings. For parents who were never married to each other, parenting time may be Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11744 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Membersand Committeesof Congress

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