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1 1 (August 27, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/goveekv0001 and id is 1 raw text is: C i ties k4o mine the I ~jIsi U deb rn ~ 4 August27, 2021 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FY2022 Budget Request and Appropriations The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) mission is to understand and predict changes in weather, climate, oceans, andcoasts; to share that information with others; and to conserve and manage coastal and marine ecosystems andresources.NOAA's work is divided among sixline offices: National EnvironmentalSatellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS); National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); National Ocean Service (NOS); NationalWeather Service (NWS); Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR); and Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO). NOAA also has an overall Mission Support (MS) office, which provides planning, administrative, financial, information technology, and other services to NOAA's line offices. Congres s provides NOAA, an agency of the Department of Commerce (DOC), with mandatory and discretionary appropriations. Mandatory appropriations generally forma small percentage of total NOAA funding and are disbursed to a variety of funds that supportprograms in NOS, NMFS, and OMAO. Discretionary appropriations typically are included in the annualCommerce, Justice, Science (CJS), and Related Agencies Appropriations Act. Discretionary appropriations support two broad accounts-operations, research, and facilities (ORF) and procurement, acquisition, and construction(PAC)-and a few smaller accounts. This CRS product focuses onNOAA's requested FY2022 dis cretionary funding for ORF and PAC and will be updated if either chamber p asses a CJS appropriations bill. (The House Appropriations Committee reported H.R. 4505 containing discretionary appropriations for NOAA.) The product also explores potentialis sues for Congress, including NOAA's proposed climate-related activities, marine and aviation fleet support, and satellite operations. Agency Funding NOAA requested a total of $7.19 billion in discretionary direct obligations for ORF and PAC for FY2022, including $6.92 billion in appropriations (Table 1). Direct obligations include annual appropriations, transfers, andrecoveries fromprior year obligations. Under P.L. 116-260, Congress provided $5.65 billion for ORF and PAC discretionary direct obligations in FY2021, including $5.37 billion in appropriations. The NOAAFY2022 request is $1.54 billion above the FY2021 enacted level and $1.41 billion over the FY2022 base level. (NOAA calculates the FY2022 base levelas equalto the FY2021-enacted amountplus expected Adjustments-To-Base, such as certain inflationary adjustments.) Over the last 10 years, enacted NOAAORF and PAC direct obligations (in nominal dollars) peaked in FY2018 (Figure 1). Since FY2013, the direct obligation amounts enacted in the PAC account have ranged fromabout 27% to 41% of the total enacted direct obligations (e.g., for FY2021, PAC was 27.4% of the enacted amount). Figure I. NOAA Direct Obligations for ORF and PAC Accounts, FY20 1 3-FY2022 ($ in billions, nominal) $6.0 $5 4 $10 $R - -nqete Source: CRS, from NOAA budget justifications and congressional explanatory statements. Notes: ORF= operations, research, and facilities; PAC = procurement, acquisition, and construction. Direct obligations include annualappropriationstransfersand recoveriesfromprioryear obligations. Amounts do not include supplemental appropriations. Issues for Congress Accordingto NOAA's FY2022 budgetsummary, the requested budget would expand investments in climate- related activities (research, observations, and forecasting; restoration and resilience; offshore wind; and equity), marine and aviation fleet support, and satellite operations (including observationals atellites and space weather activities). Cli mate-Rel ated Activities For FY2022, NOAA has requested increases to existing activities and proposed new activities to implement Executive Order 14008, Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad. According to the agency, therequested climate-related increases and new expenditures total $855.1 million over FY2022 base levels. Of that total, NOAA has reques ted $321.3 million for grants, subsidies, and contributions, or GSC (i.e., grants to states and territorial governments, academic institutions, etc.). Most of the GSC request would go towardNOS ($143.8 million) and OAR ($106.2 million) to support nonfederal efforts in coastal resilience and observing systems. The Trump Administration had proposed decreases or terminations to most of these activities each year; instead, Congress largely retained levelfunding or increased GSC amounts. https://crs reports.congress.gov S

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