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1 1 (July 20, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/goveebz0001 and id is 1 raw text is: $ I #1 kdo ?nrnj 11 legi 14¼ t Updated July 20, 2021 Veterans' Employment Veterans' employmentoutcomes are atopic ofongoing congressional interest. This In Focus provides a summary of the recent performance of former members of the Armed Forces in the civilian labor market and brief descriptions of major federal programs and policies that support veterans' employment. Performance of Veterans in the Labor Market Veterans account for about6% of the civilian labor force. Approximately 40% of veterans in the labor force served after September 2001 (Post-9/11 veterans) and the remainder served in prior periods. Figure 1 depicts the 12-month moving average unemploymentrate for Post-9/11 veterans, veterans from prior service periods (shown as other veterans), and non- veterans forthe seven-year period ending in June 2021. The similar trends of the three populations illustrate the relationship between veterans' employmentoutcomes and the broader labor market. All three populations experienced a decline in their unemployment rates during the initial period depicted in the figure. Similarly, all three groups experienced a sharp increase in unemployment at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a decline. Figure I. Unemployment Ratesfor Post-9/1 I Veterans, OtherVeterans, and Non-veterans 9% . ... - Past9/11 Veterans 3 --- - otherveterans 3 1% -2, - r r Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, data through June 2021. Notes: Data reflect moving average for 12-month period endingthe month on the horizontal axis. Early in the period depicted in Figure 1, Post-9/11 veterans had a higher unemployment rate than non-veterans. More recently, the unemployment rate of Post-9/11 veterans has converged with and, in s ome in s tances, fallen below than that of non-veterans. Veterans fromprior periods consistently had an unemployment rate belowbothPost- 9/11 veterans and non-veterans during the period depicted in the figure. Overview of Veteran Employment Programs The remainder of this report describes major federal programs that support veterans in the civilian labor market. Federal programs that target smaller subsets ofveterans, such as the Homeless Veterans Reintegration Program, are not included. In addition to federal efforts, there are substantialstate, local, and private initiatives that support veterans' employment outcomes (these initiatives are beyond the s cope of this report). The programs described targetveterans, though specific eligibility criteria vary. Some programs may only be available to veterans who served for a minimum duration, served during a specific period, or meet other criteria. In many cases, veterans who qualify forprograms described in this report may also be eligible forbenefits that are available to the generalpublic on the basis ofincome or other characteris tics. For example, low-income veterans who pursue higher education with GI Bill benefits may be eligible for Pell Grants in addition to any veteran-specific education benefits. From a budgetary perspective, the largest investments that support veterans' entry into the civilian labor market are education benefits. In FY2020, the veterans' education programs provided more than $11 billion in payments to or on behalf of veterans. The largestportion of this funding was forthe Post-9/11 GI Bill, thoughveterans alsoreceived education benefits under other programs. Due to the integration of some veterans' employment programs with other government functions, it is difficult to estimate the total costs of non-education interventions. By most estimates, however, federalfundingforveteran education benefits is substantially greater than aggregate funding for non-education employment interventions. Transition Assistance Program for Exiting Members of the Armed Forces Servicemembers who are separating orretiring fromthe Armed Forces are required to participate in the Transition Assistance Program(TAP) under 10 U.S.C. Sections 1142 and 1144. TAP includes a combinationofpre-separation counseling and five days of clas sroom-based instruction, including an employment workshop facilitated by the Department of Labor (DOL). Depending onthe veteran's pos t-sep aration plans, TAP offers additional workshops in preparation for higher education, vocational training, and/or entrepreneurship. ttps://crs reports.congress.gc

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