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1 1 (February 19, 2021)

handle is hein.crs/govecfl0001 and id is 1 raw text is: resskntal Resean~h Service r4ormir~u th&. 41 tt~v lob ~rgo 1)14 9 February 19, 2021 U.S. Agricultural Aid in Response to COVID-19 Introduction Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first confirmed in the United States in mid-January 2020. In addition to the catastrophic health crisis it created, the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to substantial economic upheaval across the U.S. economy, including the agricultural sector. This In Focus summarizes the majorCOVID-19-related agricultural programs, the types of support they provide (Table 2), and their implementation period, funding levels, outlays to date, and underlying authorities (Table 3). Relevant CRS reports on COVID-19-related programs for agriculture and other areas, such as for nutrition assistance programs, are identified in Table 1. Impact of COVID-19 on US. Agriculture The COVID-19 pandemic reduced domestic economic activity and disrupted domestic and internationalsupply chains for goods and services, including food and agricultural products. Initials upply chain disruptions resulted in declines in prices of many agricultural commodities between January and July 2020. In addition, COVID-19-related shutdowns resulted in unexpected higher marketing costs of unsold agricultural products. The shutdowns' impacts were most severe forperishable commodities, such as fruits, vegetables, andmilk, as well as for some market-ready livestock that could not be timely processed (see Table 1, R46347). Congressional and USDA Responses to COVID- 19 In response to agriculturalsupply chain disruptions, Congress appropriated funds that the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) used to provide direct payments to affected U.S. agricultural producers (Table 2 and Table 3). USDA also used the general authority under the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Charter Act (P.L. 80-806; 15 U.S.C. § § 714 et seq.) to provide additional funding. Programs funded included threerounds ofthe Coronavirus Food Assistance Program(CFAP-1, CFAP-2, and CFAP-3), plus a follow-up effort to use unspent CFAP dollars (CFAP+) (see Table 1, R46395 and R46645). Congress also appropriated funds for USDA's nutrition and food purchase and distribution programs, including the Farmers to Families Food Boxprogram(F2F Food Box) (see Table 1, R46432 and R46681). Additionally, Congress appropriated funds for the Small Business Administration (SBA) to create the Paycheck ProtectionProgram(PPP) to provide forgivable loans and an emergency Economic Injury Dis aster Loan (EIDL) programto provide grants to small businesses, including agriculturalbusinesses (see Table 1, IN11357 and R46284). Table 1. CRS Reports on COVID-l 9-Related Agricultural Support Programs Category by Type of Support Initial legislation and funding in March 2020 CRS In Focus IFI 149 1, Supplemental Appropriations for Agriculture and Related Agencies Due to COVID- 19 Direct CFAP payments CRS Report R46347, COVID-1 9, U.S. Agriculture, and USDA's Coronavirus Food Assistance Program (CFAP) CRS Report R46395, USDA's Coronavirus Food Assistance Program: Round One (CFAP-1) CRS Report R46645, USDA's Coronavirus Food Assistance Program: Round Two (CFAP-2) Commodity purchases and nutrition programs CRS Report R46432, Food Banks and Other Emergency Feeding Organizations: Federal Aid and the Response to COVID-1 9 CRS Report R4668 1, USDA Nutrition Assistance Programs: Response to the COVID-1 9 Pandemic SBA forgivable loans and grants (non-USDA) CRS Insight IN II 357, COVID-1 9-Related Loan Assistance for Agricultural Enterprises CRS Report R46284, COVID-19 Relief Assistance to Small Businesses: Issues and Policy Options Source: CRS. SBA = Small Business Administration. Note: For all otherCRS reports on COVID- I9and related issues, see https://www.c rs.gov/resources/coronavirus-disease-2019. Table 2. COVID-1 9-Related Agricultural Support Programs: Implementing Agency and Type of Support Implementing Program Agency Support Provided CFAP- I USDA-FSA Direct Payments CFAP-2 USDA-FSA Direct Payments CFAP-3 USDA-FSA Direct Payments CFAP+ USDA-FSA Direct Payments PPP SBA Forgivable Loans EIDL SBA Grants and Loans F2F Food Box USDA-AMS Commodity Purchases Source: Compiled by CRS. See Table 3 for program details. Notes: CFAP = Coronavirus Food Assistance Program; PPP= Paycheck Protection Program; EIDL= Economic Injury Disaster Loan; F2F = Farmers to Families; FSA = Farm Service Agency; AMS = Agricultural Marketing Service; SBA = Small Business Administration. https://crs rept

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