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1 [1] (March 5, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/goveazu0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Servdce Inforiniig the legislive debate sine 1914 Updated March 5, 2020 COVID-19: Global Implications and Responses Overview As of March 4, 2020, the novel coronavirus that began sickening patients in Wuhan, China, in early December 2019 had spread to over 75 countries, including the United States. Daily new cases and deaths related to the virus outside China now exceed those reported in China, where the epidemic appears to be coming under control. The World Health Organization (WHO) has named the new virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease that it causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). WHO has declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and raised its global risk assessment to Very High. It has refrained from labeling the outbreak a pandemic, however. Doing so, WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has said, could signal that we can no longer contain the virus, which is not true. On March 5, Tedros told countries, This is not the time to give up. Rather, This is a time for pulling out all the stops. The Virus Coronaviruses are a large family of zoonotic viruses- viruses transmissible between animals and humans-that can cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The most common symptoms among confirmed COVID-19 patients include fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. As of March 5, 2020, WHO reported more than 95,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases globally, including more than 3,200 deaths. Nearly 85% of cases and more than 90% of deaths have been in mainland China, overwhelmingly in Hubei Province, whose capital is Wuhan. About 80% of cases outside China are in three countries: South Korea, Italy, and Iran. According to WHO, current data suggest that COVID-19 is less transmissible than seasonal influenza but causes more severe illness, with deaths in 3.4% of reported cases globally. Of confirmed COVID-19 patients in China, about 80% experienced mild to moderate illness, 14% had severe illness, and 6% became critically ill. More than 30 countries have confirmed community transmission of COVID-19, but WHO Director-General Tedros observed on March 4 that most cases can still be traced to known contacts or clusters of cases, such as within families. Within days of Chinese scientists' sharing the genetic sequence of the virus on January 11, 2020, scientists around the globe developed lab tests to diagnose COVID-19. Current diagnostic supplies are insufficient to meet global demand, however. While trying to increase supply of these tests, developers are also trying to create faster, cheaper, and more easily administered tests. No specific treatments or vaccines for COVID-19 exist. The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) indicated in late January that a candidate vaccine for COVID-19 could be ready for early- stage human testing in spring 2020. Figure I. Locations with Confirmed COVID-19 Cases Globally. as of March 4. 2020 Source: World Health Organization. https://crsreports.congress.go,

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