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1 [1] (January 30, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/goveatz0001 and id is 1 raw text is: SCongressional Research Service Updated January 30, 2020 Bureau of Reclamation: FY2020 Appropriations Overview Most of the large dams and water diversion structures in the 17 states west of the Mississippi River were built by, or with the assistance of, the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), part of the Department of the Interior. Reclamation's original mission was to develop water supplies, primarily for irrigation to reclaim arid lands in the West. Today, its mission includes management, development, and protection of water and related resources. Reclamation's mission areas and geographic scope are generally narrower than those of the other principal federal water resource agency, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Reclamation manages hundreds of water storage and conveyance projects. These projects provide water to approximately 10 million acres of farmland and 31 million people. Reclamation is the largest wholesale supplier of water in these 17 western states and the second-largest hydroelectric power producer in the nation. Operations of Reclamation facilities can be controversial, particularly in relation to effects on fish and wildlife species and conflicts among competing water users. Reclamation's role has evolved, and its focus has gradually shifted from construction of new water storage projects to operation and maintenance of existing projects. Reclamation has also expanded into new areas, including funding for water supply projects on tribal lands and in rural areas under congressionally authorized Indian water rights settlements and rural water supply projects, respectively. Congress has also authorized Reclamation grants to nonfederal projects, including those for water reuse and recycling, conservation and efficiency, and desalination. Reclamation's Water and Related Resources account funds most agency activities, including construction, operation and maintenance, dam safety, and ecosystem restoration. It also funds Indian water rights settlements and most Reclamation programmatic and grant authorities. Reclamation also typically requests funding for three smaller accounts: California Bay-Delta Restoration, the Central Valley Project Restoration Fund (the latter of which is offset by customer receipts), and the Policy and Administration account. FY2020 Budget The President's budget request for FY2020 proposed $1.11 billion in gross current authority for Reclamation, and Congress enacted $1.66 billion for Reclamation in its final enacted appropriations bill. The funding for Reclamation is provided in Division C of the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-94), as detailed by the accompanying explanatory statement. Figure 1 shows recent appropriations levels for Reclamation compared to the FY2020 President's budget request and enacted levels. Figure I. Reclamation Appropriations by Account, FY20 I0-FY2020 Enacted (nominal $ in millions) st1,4o $1LID Sa sP t~ s @ (l$$a Poliky and Admeirntptinn SWater and Related taesor-05 Source: CRS, based on Reclamation budget request and enacted appropriations data. Notes: Does not reflect offsetting receipts for the Central Valley Project Restoration Fund (CVPRF). Earmarks and Reclamation The Water and Related Resources account is made up largely of individual project funding lines. These projects have been subject to recent earmark moratoriums that restrict the addition of funding for geographically specific project line-items that the Administration did not request. In lieu of these additions, since FY2014, Congress has included additional funding in appropriations bills beyond the President's budget request for selected categories of Reclamation projects. These funds are typically allocated in work plans produced by the Administration and made available several months after appropriations bills have been enacted (these plans are available at http://www.usbr.gov/budget/). Recent enacted appropriations bills have continued the practice of providing additional funds for allocation on specific projects in a work plan; funding for these projects has generally increased over time. FY2020 appropriations for Reclamation provided $433 million for projects in five categories: rural water; water conservation and delivery; environmental restoration or compliance; and facilities operation, maintenance, and rehabilitation (Figure 2). https://crsreports.cong ress.go,

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