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1 1 (December 16, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govddap0001 and id is 1 raw text is: SConr essional Research Servik Turkey: U.S. Sanctions Under the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) December 16, 2020 Turkey's July 2019 acquisition of an 5-400 surface-to-air defense system from Russia sparked debate about possible U.S. sanctions against Turkey-a longtime NATO ally-under the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA, P.L. 115-44). CAATSA requires the President to impose sanctions on those persons he determines have knowingly engaged in a significant transaction with Russia's security sector. On December 14, 2020, the Administration imposed the following sanctions on Turkey's defense procurement agency, commonly referred to by the Turkish acronym SSB: a prohibition on granting specific U.S. export licenses and authorizations for any goods or technology; a prohibition on loans or credits by U.S. financial institutions totaling more than $10 million in any 12-month period; a ban on U.S. Export-Import Bank assistance; a requirement for the United States to oppose loans benefitting SSB by international financial institutions; and full blocking sanctions and visa restrictions on four SSB officials. In a factsheet, the State Department said that the sanctions are not intended to undermine the military capabilities or combat readiness of Turkey or any other U.S. ally or partner, but rather to impose costs on Russia in response to its wide range of malign activities. Additional State Department guidance indicates that the sanctions do not apply to SSB subsidiaries or affiliates. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has condemned the sanctions as a blatant attack on Turkish sovereign efforts to establish an independent defense industry. Additionally, political parties representing a large majority of Turkey's parliament have issued a joint declaration opposing the U.S. decision. Turkey's foreign ministry has said that Turkey will retaliate in a manner and timing it deems Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress. gov IN11557 CRS NS GHT Prepared for Members and Cornmttees oi Congres3-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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