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1 1 (December 9, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govdczt0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Servkc Apportionment and Redistricting Following the 2020 Census Updated December 9, 2020 The census, apportionment, and congressional redistricting are interrelated processes that occur every decade. The U.S. Constitution provides that a decennial census determines the distribution of U.S. House seats across states, though the federal government today also uses census data for other purposes, such as distributing funding to states and localities. The process of dividing House seats across states is known as apportionment (or reapportionment). Each state must receive one House seat and additional seats are distributed proportionally based on state population size. States then engage in redistricting, creating or redrawing geographic subdivisions for each House district with relatively equal-sized populations. Timelines for the census and apportionment are provided in federal statute and generally occur as scheduled every decade. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, affected 2020 census field operations, and raised concerns about timing for the apportionment and redistricting processes that follow the completion of the census. This Insight provides background on the typicaltiming of the census, apportionment, and redistricting, as well as a brief discussion of recent 2020 census operational changes and proposals, particularly those related to the subsequent congressional apportionment and redistricting. Typical Timing -Census, Apportionment, and Redistricting Figure 1 illustrates a timeline of the typic al census, apportionment, and redistricting processes. Federal statute requires that April 1 of any year ending in 0 marks the official decennial census date, although the Census Bureau begins certain population counts and outreach earlier. Acount known as the appo ijonnent population, which reflects the total resident population in each state (including minors and noncitizens, in addition to Armed Forces and federal civilian personnel and their dependents living abroad), is typic ally used to distribute House seats. Within nine months of the decennial census date (December 31 of the year ending in 0), the Secretary of Commerce reports the apportionment population to the President. The Census Bureau has, in past years, released apportionment counts publicly at about the same time. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11360 CRS NSIGHT Prepared for Membersand Commi ----es o Cong rss-----------------------------------

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