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1 1 (November 24, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govdcsd0001 and id is 1 raw text is: \&k S2 Updated November 24,2020 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FY2021 Budget Request and Appropriations The National Oceanic andAtmo spheric Administration's (NOAA's)mission is to understand andpredict changes in weather, climate, oceans, andcoasts; to share that information with others; and to conserve and manage coastal and marine ecosystems andresources.NOAA's work is divided among sixline offices: National EnvironmentalSatellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS); NationalMarine Fisheries Service (NMFS); National Ocean Service (NOS); NationalWeather Service (NWS); Office ofOceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR); and Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO). NOAA also has an overall Mission Support (MS) office, which provides planning, administrative, financial, information technology, and others ervices to NOAA's line offices. Congres s generally funds NOAA, an agency of the Department ofCommerce (DOC), in the annual Commerce, Justice, Science (CJS), and Related Agencies Appropriations Act. Congress provides NOAA with discretionary and mandatory appropriations. Discretionary appropriations support two broad accounts-operations, research, and facilities (ORF) and procurement, acquisition, and construction (PAC)-as well as s everal relatively s mall accounts. Mandatory appropriations generally provide a small percentage of total NOAA appropriations and are disbursed to a varietyoffunds that supportprograms in NOS, NMFS, and OMAO. This CRS product examines discretionaryfunding for ORF and PACfor FY2021 and potential is sues for Congress, such as NOAA's proposed changes to certain grant programs, satellite programs, the agency's role in space commerce, and the Promote and Develop American Fishery Products & Research Pertaining to American Fisheries Fund (P&D Fund). Age ny ud , NOAA requested a total of $4.86 billion in discretionary direct obligations for ORF and PAC for FY2021, including $4.63 billion in appropriations (Table 1). Direct obligations include annual appropriations, transfers, and recoveries from prior year obligations. Division B ofthe House-passed H.R. 7617 would provide $5.68 billion for ORF and PAC direct obligations, $179.6 million (3.3%) greater than the FY2020 enacted level and $823.6 million (17.0%) greater than the FY2021 request. The FY2021 Senate Committee Majority Draft bill would provide $5.62 billion for ORF and PAC direct obligations, $122.1 million (2.2%) above the FY2020 enacted level and $767.4 million (15.8%) above theFY2021 request. Over thelast 10years, enacted NOAA ORF and PACdirect obligations (in nominal dollars) peaked in FY2018 (Figure 1). Since FY2012, the amounts enacted in the PAC accounthave ranged from about 28% to 41% of the totalenacted direct obligations. Figure I. NOAA Requested and Enacted Discretionary Direct Obligations, FY20 I 2-FY202I ($ in billions, nominal) ' --- \.-- m - .-- \---- ----\----\---- 1 \mssn \ -----s Source: Congressional Research Service (CRS),from NOAAbudge justifications and congressional explanatory statements. Notes: Direct obligations in clu de an nual appropriations, transfers, and recoveries from prior year obligations. Amounts do not include supplemental appropriations. isue ttr Ccorngress According to NOAA's FY2021 budget summary, the requested budget supports priorities to (1) reduce the impacts ofextreme weather and water events, (2) expand the American Blue Economy, and (3) advance space innovation. For FY2021, NOAA proposed funding increases to 20 activities (primarily goods and services fromfederal and nonfederal entities) under ORF and PAC, totaling over $159.6 million. NOAA als o requested a reduction to or elimination of 105 activities, totaling $976.4 million. Grants, subsidies, and contributions (GSC) make up a majority ($573.2 million, 58.7%) of the $976.4 million reduction. GSC includes grants awarded to nonfederal entities, such as s tates, universities, and corporations. The proposed decreases to GSCrepresentbetween0.3% (NESDIS) and 34.5% (OAR) of the line offices' FY2021 base amounts. NOAA's other requests would decrease services fromnonfederal entities, advisory services, contracts with federal entities, personnel compensation and benefits, travel, and other programadjustments. NOAA proposedsimilarchanges in the previous three fiscalyears. The FY2021 House and Senatebills would not implement the agency's proposed GSC changes, with the House Appropriations Committee report language stating support

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