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U.S. EPA FY2020 Appropriations
Enacted December 20, 2019, Division D of P.L. 116-94, the
Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, provided
funding for the Department of the Interior, Environment,
and Related Agencies, including a total of $9.06 billion for
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Title
II. Title IX of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement
Implementation Act (P.L. 116-113), enacted January 29,
2020, provided an additional $304.0 million for EPA in
supplemental appropriations. Title VII in Division B of the
Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES)
Act (P.L. 116-136) provided $7.23 million in supplemental
funding in 4 of EPA's 10 appropriations accounts.
EPA's FY2020 total $9.37 billion enacted appropriations,
which did not include rescissions of unobligated balances as
in prior fiscal years, was $3.15 billion (50.6%) more than
the President's FY2020 budget request of $6.22 billion and
$106.6 million (1.2%) more than the total $9.26 billion
FY2019 enacted appropriations. The FY2019 enacted total
included $8.85 billion in Titles II and IV of Division E in
P.L. 116-6, enacted February 15, 2019, and $414.0 million
in emergency supplemental appropriations in P.L. 116-20,
enacted June 6, 2019, for EPA's response to Hurricanes
Florence and Michael, calendar year 2018 earthquakes, and
Typhoon Yutu. Figure 1 presents trends in requested and
enacted EPA appropriations from FY2008 through FY2020.
Figure I. EPA Appropriations: Requested and Enacted
FY2008-FY2020 (Not Adjusted for Inflation)
claa $ in bdtlons <tequestd S Enacted
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Source: CRS using information from the Congressional Record; House,
Senate, and conference reports; and EPA's FY2020 Congressional
Budget Justification. Enacted amounts reflect relevant rescissions and
supplemental appropriations, including $7.22 billion for EPA in the
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 11 1-5).
Prior to the enactment of P.L. 116-94, Congress considered
multiple bills that included funding for EPA. At the
beginning of FY2020, EPA and other federal departments
and agencies operated under two continuing resolutions,
generally at FY2019 levels.
The President's FY2020 request proposed a $377.0 million
cancellation of funds (rescission of unobligated
Updated November 6, 2020
balances). For FY2019, Title II of Division E in P.L. 116-6
rescinded $210.5 million in unobligated balances. P.L. 116-
94 did not rescind any funds from EPA accounts for
FY2020. In the Explanatory Statement accompanying P.L.
116-94, the Appropriations Committees provide a
discussion of this change in Division D Title II under the
heading Budget Rebaselining (Congressional Record, vol.
165, no. 204 Book III [December 17, 2019], p. H11291).
The committees noted that their consideration of the
FY2020 appropriations for EPA's program activities
accounted for funding amounts reported in EPA's operating
plan for FY2019 that reflect rescissions. Additional
information on these EPA rescissions can be found in
H.Rept. 116-100 accompanying H.R. 3052 and S.Rept.
116-123 accompanying S. 2580.
E PA Appropriations Accounts
More than a dozen federal laws authorize EPA operations.
Funding is annually appropriated to EPA among 10
accounts established by Congress over time: State and
Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG), Environmental Programs
and Management (EPM), Hazardous Substance Superfund
(Superfund), Science and Technology (S&T), Leaking
Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund Program,
Buildings and Facilities, Office of Inspector General, Inland
Oil Spill Program, Hazardous Waste Electronic Manifest
System Fund, and Water Infrastructure Finance and
Innovation Act (WIFIA) Program. As indicated in Figure
2, the proportional distribution of funding among the EPA
appropriations accounts has remained similar for more than
a decade with the exception of FY2009.
Figure 2. EPA Appropriations by Account: FY2008-
FY2020 Enacted (Not Adjusted for Inflation)
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Hitri aly h STAG [ PM Supo nft sd a e S&T trtei
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$121
Source: CRS using information from the Congressional Record; House,
Senate, and conference committee reports; and EPA's FY2020
Congressional Budget Justification. Enacted amounts include
supplemental appropriations-including $7.22 billion for EPA in the
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 11 1-5).
Historically, the STAG and EPM accounts have received
the largest share of funding, followed by the Superfund and
S&T accounts. The STAG account funds grants for water
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