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1 1 (June 08, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govdaus0001 and id is 1 raw text is: ~~k\ %~cnc)'n~S$W~flas riE SE .$rCh &~ ~ ~ June 8, 2020 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FY2021 Appropriations Since FY2006, Congress has funded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bills. Released February 10, 2020, the President's budget for FY2021 requested $6.66 billion for EPA. The adequacy of funding for EPA to effectively carry out its mission and provide associated grants to support authorized state and tribal implementation of federal pollution control laws has been a perennial issue. Trends in requested and enacted appropriations for EPA since FY2008 are shown in Figure 1. FY2021 appropriations have not been enacted to date. Figure I. EPA Requested and Enacted Appropriations FY2008-FY2021 ($ nominal in billions not adjusted for inflation) Nominal $ in billions S 6.0 Requested S Enarted $4. G ~4 ~' t ~4C Source: CRS using information from the Congressional Record; House, Senate, and conference reports; and EPA's FY2021 Congressional Budget Justification. Enacted amounts reflect rescissions and supplemental appropriations, including $7.22 billion included for EPA in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. I I 1-5). The FY2021 request for EPA is $2.71 billion (28.9%) less than the total $9.37 billion FY2020 enacted appropriations. Congress provided FY2020 enacted appropriations in the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, FY2020 (P.L. 116-94, Division D, Title II); the United States-Mexico- Canada Agreement Implementation Act (P.L. 116-113, Title IX); and the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (P.L. 116-136). The FY2021 request was $435.6 million above the FY2020 request of $6.22 billion. The FY2021 request includes a $159.1 million cancellation of funds (rescission of unobligated balances of prior year appropriations) for EPA across the board. The FY2020 request had proposed a $377.0 million cancellation of funds. For FY2020, P.L. 116-94 did not rescind any unobligated balances for EPA, a departure from annual appropriations for some prior fiscal years. For FY2019, P.L. 116-6 included a combined $210.5 million rescission of unobligated balances from three of EPA's 10 appropriations accounts. As indicated in Figure 1, the President's requested reductions in total EPA funding annually since FY2018 have not been adopted by Congress in annual appropriations. Funding appropriated to EPA supports the agency's primary responsibilities authorized under several federal pollution control statutes and carried out in coordination with states and tribes. EPA also awards grants to assist delegated states, tribes, and local governments to support implementation and compliance with federal requirements to control pollution. The statutory authorization of appropriations for many of the programs and activities administered by EPA has expired, but Congress has continued to fund them through the appropriations process. Authorization of appropriations is a procedural mechanism. Congress may appropriate funding for a program or activity for which the authorization of appropriations has expired if no Member raises a point of order or the rules are waived for consideration of a bill. Congress has typically done so to continue appropriations. Figure 2 presents EPA discretionary budget authority since FY1976 in nominal dollars and adjusted for inflation. Budget authority is provided through annual appropriations acts and constitutes the amount of funding available to an agency for obligation in a fiscal year to carry out specific purposes authorized in law. Figure 2. EPA Discretionary Budget Authority, FY1976-FY2020 Enacted and FY2021 Request ($ in billions nominal and adjusted for inflation) $ bn billions S .0 . - . - . . - • Source: CRS based on the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Budget of the United States Government Fiscal Year 202 1, Historical Tables, Table 5.4. CRS calculated for inflation using OMB deflators presented in Table 10. 1. FY2009 funding level reflects the supplemental appropriations included for EPA in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 11 1-5). s C: ~'a0 K:,zsC (,h,,cfdes 2009 Rxey Acr) A~wsdtop s4.o ' 9- A gogn, q \pmp\\m -,\\mw-m ggmm g , q aS ' X 11LULKWALiN,

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