About | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline Law Journal Library | HeinOnline
LOG IN
LOG IN

1 1 (July 09, 2020)

handle is hein.crs/govdaql0001 and id is 1 raw text is: 01;0i E.$~ & p\w -- , gn'a', goo mppm qq\ , q I as 11LIANJILiN, Updated July 9, 2020 Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked nation of 3 million people between Russia and the People's Republic of China (PRC). It has been viewed as a democratic success story both among former Soviet satellite states and in Asia. In 1989, democratic activists staged protests against communist rule and formed the Mongolian Democratic Union. The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP), which had ruled the country since 1921, allowed multiparty elections in 1990 and relinquished power in 1996, when a Democratic Party (DP)-led coalition of opposition forces won nationwide elections. Mongolia's foreign relations are driven by a desire to preserve its autonomy by balancing relations between major partners, including the United States, China, and Russia, and also Japan and South Korea. U.S. policy has aimed to help Mongolia maintain an independent foreign policy. In July 2019, Mongolian President Khaltmaagiin Battulga met with President Trump in Washington, DC, and the two governments agreed to establish a Strategic Partnership. In August 2019, Secretary of Defense Mark Esper traveled to the Mongolian capital of Ulaanbaatar and met with senior defense and other government leaders. The United States established diplomatic relations with Mongolia in 1987, and Mongolian leaders describe the United States as Mongolia's most important third neighbor a country that does not border Mongolia but has close relations with it. Mongolia's relations with Russia, including military ties, remain close, and many Mongolians regard Russia with some affection. At the same time, they remain wary of China, their largest economic partner. Mongolia's official relations with China largely have been amicable, with the exception of periods of tension and pressure from Beijing following visits to Mongolia, a traditionally Tibetan Buddhist country, by the Dalai Lama, the exiled Tibetan spiritual leader whom the PRC government asserts aims to split Tibet from China. In addition to the United States, Mongolia has strategic partnerships with Russia (established in 2006), Japan (2010), China (2014), and India (2015). Mongolia participates in United Nations global peacekeeping operations and has over 1,000 peacekeepers deployed in Africa. Mongolia sent troops to Iraq from 2003 to 2008 and currently has over 200 troops in Afghanistan supporting Coalition operations. U.S. Indo-Pacific Command and the Mongolian Armed Forces (MAF) hold an annual multinational peacekeeping exercise in Mongolia known as Khaan Quest. Khaan Quest 2019, the 17th such event, focused on peacekeeping and stability operations and involved 900 MAF personnel, 220 U.S. military personnel, and participants from 29 other countries including China. Mongolians participate in programs of the Open World Leadership Center, a U.S. congressional agency whose mission is to introduce rising leaders of 17 Eurasian countries to U.S. governing and free market systems. Mongolia's legislature is one of 21 parliaments worldwide that have partnered with the U.S. House Democracy Partnership, a bipartisan commission of the U.S. House of Representatives that works to strengthen democratic institutions by assisting legislatures in emerging democracies. Figure I. Mongolia at a Glance Area: Source~s:Cntal rnthain Agency, Mh orl Gctook 20ap Capited Stat nmr PAsocition 3.1 N01So s (RF).gongoli Bu is on3} ofsnie NAO prte aios as ist (embe ofChe~ Goerig% oucl)fh decai trnstin9wrlwie ogoP per capota: system i pdti t Eprnomk Sectorsi Imriisufter I Iaduwtry p33% e Ufe expectancy; 70 J ar Lataracyv:8 Sources: Central intelligence Agency, The World Factbook, 2020. Map created by CRS, 2020. The United States and Mongolia both are members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Regional Forum (ARF). Mongolia is one of nine NATO partner nations, along with Japan and South Korea in East Asia. Mongolia also is a memher of the Governing Council of the Community of Democracies, established in 2000 to support democratic transitions worldwide. up o two i orya tem o one -i-er em Mongolia's political system is semi-presidential, with a parliament and prime minister as well as a popularly elected president. The Mongolian prime minister is the head of government with primary responsibility for executive ministries, while the president plays a primary role in foreign policy, chairs the National Security Council, and serves as the commander in chief of the armed forces. In November 2019, President Battulga approved constitutional amendments that had been passed by the legislature. The amendments strengthen the power of the prime minister with the aim of making the government more effective, and change the term of the presidency from up to two four-year terms to one six-year term. Since 1990, Mongolia has alternated between coalitions led by the MPRP (now Mongolian People's Party or MPP) and Democratic Union (now dominated by the Democratic Party). In 2016, the MPP won a large majority of seats in

What Is HeinOnline?

HeinOnline is a subscription-based resource containing thousands of academic and legal journals from inception; complete coverage of government documents such as U.S. Statutes at Large, U.S. Code, Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, U.S. Reports, and much more. Documents are image-based, fully searchable PDFs with the authority of print combined with the accessibility of a user-friendly and powerful database. For more information, request a quote or trial for your organization below.



Short-term subscription options include 24 hours, 48 hours, or 1 week to HeinOnline.

Purchase Access

Already a HeinOnline Subscriber?

Log In

profiles profiles most